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Organic Chemistry reaction mechanisms > AS level mechanisms > Flashcards

AS level mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Conditions for electrophilic addition of Alkenes with bromine

A

Br2 aqueous

Room temperature

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2
Q

Steps of electrophilic addition of alkenes with bromine

x4

A

1) Line from double bond to δ+ Br
2) Line from Br2 Bond to δ- Br

New diagram
3) Br bonded to one C. Other C = +. Br- lone pair with Line to the positive C

New Diagram
4) Complete dihalogenoalkane

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3
Q

Conditions for electrophilic addition of Alkenes with Sulphuric Acid

A

1) H2SO4 concentrated at room temperature

2) warm H2O

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4
Q

Steps of electrophilic addition of Alkenes with sulphuric acid (also applies for water)
(x4)

A

1) Line from double bond into δ+ Hydrogen
2) Line from OH bond to δ- Oxygen

New diagram
3) Lone pair HSO4 to the C+, other hydrogen now bonded to other C

New Diagram
4) HSO4 bonded into molecule

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5
Q

Conditions for electrophilic addition of Alkenes with hydrogen bromine (HBr)

A

HBr

HCl at room temperature

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6
Q

Steps for electrophilic addition of Alkenes with HBr

x4

A

1) Line from double bond to δ+ Hydrogen
2) Line from HBr Bond to Br

New Diagram
3) hydrogen bonded to molecule. Other carbon now positive. Line from lone pair Br- to C+

New Diagram
4) H and Br bonded into molecule with no charges

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7
Q

Conditions for Elimination of halogenoalkanes with ethanol can hydroxide ions

A

KOH
Ethanolic solution
Heated under reflux

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8
Q

Steps for elimination of halogenoalkanes with ethanolic solution
(x3)

A

1) Line from OH- lone pair to a hydrogen
2) Line from CH bond to CC bond

New Diagram
3) Alkene with Br- and H2O as other products

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9
Q

Conditions for acid catalysed elimination mechanism

A

Concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4

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10
Q

Steps for acid catalysed elimination

A

1) Line from bonded Oxygen with a lone pair too the disassociated H+

New Diagram
2) Line from CO bond to the now positive Oxygen

New Diagram
3) Oxygen and attached hydrogens disappear. Line from CH bond to the CC bond. Other c is positive now

New Diagram
4) Alkene along with dissociated H+ shown

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11
Q

Conditions for Acid catalysed addition mechanism for hydration of ethene

A

1) Concentrated H2SO4

2) warm H2O

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12
Q

Steps for acid catalysed addition mechanism for hydration of ethene

A

1)Line from double bond to dissociated H+

New Diagram
2) line from lone pair in the Oxygen to the now positive carbon

New Diagram

3) Oxygen bonded to to the carbon. Oxygen now positive
4) Line from OH bond to O+

New Diagram
5) alcohol and H+

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13
Q

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes with aqueous hydroxide ions

A

KOH aqueous

Heat under reflux

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14
Q

Steps for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes with aqueous hydroxide ions

A

1) Line from :OH- to δ+ Carbon
2) Line from CBr Bond to Br δ-

New Diagram
3) alcohol and :Br-

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15
Q

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes with cyanide ions

A

Concentrated KCN in ethanol/ water mix

Heat under flux

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16
Q

Steps for nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes with cyanide ions

A

1) Line from -:CN to δ+ Carbon
2) Line from CBr bond to δ- Br

New Diagram
3) Diagram with CN in place of Br and :Br-

Organic Chemistry reaction mechanisms (1 decks)

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