As bio may 2016

Question 1

Features of bacterium and HIV

Answer 1

bacterium : RNA, cell wall, enzyme molecules

HIV: RNA, enzyme, capsid

Question 2

Describe how the complementary strand of HIV DNA is made

Answer 2

Complementary bases pair

DNA polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides together

Question 3

Describe how ATP is resynthesised in cells

Answer 3

From ADP and phosphate

Catalysed by ATP synthase

During respiration or photosynthesis

Question 4

Y is a protein

One function of Y is to transport cellulose molecules across the phospholipid bilayer

Use information from figure 3 to describe the other function of Y

Answer 4

Y has an active site

That attaches the substrate to cellulose

Question 5

What evidence in figure 3 shows that the phospholipid bilayer is part of the cell-surface membrane

Answer 5

Cell wall forms outside cell-surface membrane

Question 6

What can you conclude about the growth of plant cells from this data

Answer 6

Sucrose hydrolysis linked to some aspects of growth

Greater the rate of hydrolysis as plant grows

Growth remains the same after 8/10 days

Question 7

Describe how the scientists would have produced the calibration curve and used it to obtain the results in figure 4

Answer 7

Use maltose solutions of known concentrations and carry out Benedicts

Use colorimeter to measure absorbance and plot calibration curve

Find conc of sample from calibration curve

Question 8

Describe how giving this vaccine leads to the production of antibody against HPV

Answer 8

Vaccine contains antigens from HPV

Displayed on antigen-presenting cells

Specific Th cells stimulates specific B cell

B cell divides rapidly via mitosis to form clones,

Plasma cells produce antibodies

Question 9

2 ways doctors could use base sequences to compare different types of HPV

Answer 9

Compare base sequences of DNA

Compare base sequences of mRNA

Question 10

Describe how to make 100cm of 1000 mol solution of inhibitor

Answer 10

10 cm of 10000 nmol

90 cm water

Question 11

Suggest how amyloid precursor protein can be the substrate of 2 different enzymes

Answer 11

Different parts of amino acid protein

Each enzyme is specific to different part of protein

Question 12

describe what happens in the hydrolysis reaction that produces smaller protein

Answer 12

Peptide bond broken using water

Question 13

Explain how mutations can lead to Alzheimer

Answer 13

Mutations prevent production of enzyme

Increase in B secret are leads to faster b amyloid production

Leads to more plaque formation

Question 14

Explain how this type of drug could prevent Alzheimer’s disease becoming worse

Answer 14

Inhibitor binds to active site of enzyme

Stops production of plaque