Arts 1 Flashcards
In this position art is seen as self-contained, focusing solely on its elements and principles, detached from real-world references.
Formalist Position
In this position art is framed within its social and historical context to
grasp its full meaning.
Contextualist Position
Art is an attempt to create pleasing form
Herbert Read
Ernst Cassirer
Art is the enjoyment of all forms
Art is expression; it is not intention or talent
Bernadetto Croce
Art is the skilled performance or distinctive ability in any activity whatsoeve
James Jarrett
Art is the power to produce a preconceived result by means of consciously
controlled and directed action
Roman and Greek concepts
Art molds our actual life of feeling; by giving form to the world it articulates human
nature, sensibility energy, passion and mortality
Suzanne Langer
Art is any embellishment of ordinary living that is achieved with competence and
has describable form.
Melville Herskovits
Questions the nature of artworks—are they physical objects, ideas, or something else—and how do they relate to the artist, the audience, and the world around them?
Ontology
Posits that works of art are just physical objects—lumps of marble, pigment-covered canvasses, sequences of sound waves or
marks on pages.
Physical-object hypothesis
Posited the physical-object hypothesis
Wollheim (1980)
Counterargument to the physical-object hypothesis that asserts art is a recreation of the artist’s mental activity by the audience
Art as an imaginative experience
Asserts that art is an imagjnative experience
R.J Collingwood
Asserts that works of art are not real physical objects but rather unreal/imagined entities.
Jean-Paul Satre
Three ontological views on art
•Physical-Object Hypothesis
•Art is reconstructed by the imagination/an imagined activity
•Imaginary or unreal object sustained by imagination
Apparatus that has the power and authority to sustain ideology
[ISA] Ideological State Apparatus
Apparatus whose primary mode of function is coercion and force
[RSA] Repressive State Apparatus
Underlying meaning of an Art
Connotation
Literal meaning of an art
Denotation
Examples of ISA
•Church
•Education/Academia
•Mass Media
•Arts
Examples of RSA
•Military
•Governments
•Prison
Principles of Organization
•Focal Point
•Visual Unity
•Scale and Proportion
•Balance
•Rhythm and Motion
Visual Elements
•Line
•Color
•Value
•Texture
•Shape
•Space
This style has a subject matter recognizable from the world of people and nature.
Representational Style
This style make no reference to the natural world but focus instead on formal elements. Its “subject” is the artwork itself— its lines, colors, shapes, and texture
Abstract/Non-representational
Represents the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence
Ideology
It is the use of language and images to create meaning.
Representation
Style that accurately depicts reality as it exists, with an emphasis on everyday scenes in detail; represents the world truthfully.
Realism
Style that focuses on shapes, colors and forms to represent concepts and ideas; favors a more symbolic approach
Abstraction
Focus on emotional experience; uses bold forms, exaggerated and distorted figures to convey intensity or mood
Expressionism
Societies w/o class divisions; resources and labor were shared collectively
Art was tied to survival/spiritual practices
Primal Communal Society
-Art is treated as a product. It can be bought and sold within the Market.
Capitalist System
Class based system where lords controlled the resources and peasants worked the land in exchange for protection.
Tool for glorification of ruling class and religion
Feudal System
Transitional period where trade and commerce became central.
Merchants/Patronage/Portraits/Power
Mercantilist
Designed the Letras y Figuras
Josè Honorato Lozano
