Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Respiratory Therapy Procedures > ARTP 07 Basic Vent Function > Flashcards

ARTP 07 Basic Vent Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is our normal physiological pressure of ventilation?

A

Negative pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal circuit

A

Pathway for air inside on it way to the external circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External circuit

A

Pathway for air through the inspiratory side to the patient then through the expiratory side back to the ventilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exhale valve

A

Functions to direct flow of the gas towars patient

Valve closes on inspiration

a functional exhale valve is required for the delivery of PEEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of negative pressure machines

A

Chest cuirass

Iron lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PIP/MIP (peak inspiratory pressure) (Maximal inspiratory pressure)

A

Pressure it takes to vent lung. Also known as PAP (peak airway pressure)
Required to deliver a set volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MAP (Mean airway pressure)

A

Average airway pressure over the respiratory cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensitivity (trigger)

A

Pt effort needed to trigger ventilation.

Flow trigger sensitivity is more responsive to pt effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

I:E ratio

A

1:2

I:E is manipulated with flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inverse I:E

A

Inspiratory time greater than expiratory time

Can be used for infants and adults who are critically ill.

Can be used to treat refractory hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What trigger is easiest for patients?

A

Flow trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigger

A

Starts inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cycle

A

Ends inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spontaneous

A

Inspiration is patient triggered and cycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mandatory

A

Inspiration is machine triggered or cycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alternate name for spontaneous

A

Pressure support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alternate names for Mandatory

A

AC (assist/control)
Control
Mechanical
SIMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do exhalation valve open?

A

At the end of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Control variable

A

What vent manipulates to deliver a breath (pressure or volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Volume control

A

Tidal volume and flow are preset

Volume is constant, pressure varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pressure control

A

Inspiratory pressure is preset

Pressure is constant and volume varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation)

A

Control
Machines is set to deliver all breaths based on time

Patient CANNOT take assisted breaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Assist/ control

A

Patient can take assisted breaths if breathing over a set rate. Patient can trigger or machine will trigger depending on rate.

Sensitivity is adjusted to allow patient breath at a set rate VT in volume control or set PIP in pressure control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IMV/ intermittent mandatory ventilation or SIMV

A

Combination of mandatory breaths from the vent, but the patient can also take spontaneous breaths between vent breaths. Spontaneous breaths are delivered at a volume the patient desires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Support modes

A

Vent provides the work for the patient

Assist control
SIMV + PSV
A/C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Spontaneous

A

Patient is in control and does the work

Pressure support, PSV and CPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Trigger variable

A

What starts the breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Target variable

A

An upper boundary set which doesn’t terminate inspiration but is maintained at pressure, volume, or flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cycle variable

A

What ends inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

4 phases of breath

A

Change of expiration to inspiration
Inspiration
Change from inspiration to expiration
Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pressure triggered

A

The patient generates inspiration from changing pressure.

Sensitivity is set to -0.5 to -2 cmH2O

32
Q

Flow cycled

A

Inspiration ends when a minimum flow is reached

In “pressure support mode” the inspiratory pressure ends when inspiratory flow descreases to a certain level.

33
Q

Where is flow cycled found

A

Only in pressure support mode

34
Q

Time cycled

A

Inspiration ends due to a set time for inspiration

If pip is reached, the machine holds inspiration until inspiratory time hs expired

35
Q

When is time cycled used?

A

Used in adults with inverse ratio ventilation on occasion

36
Q

Pressure limited

A

Reaches the pressure and holds that pressure until some cycling mechanism ends inspiration

Pressure limit is a setting

37
Q

Pressure limit relief (safety pressure limit) (high pressure alarm limit)

A

Vent will alarm and cycles inspiration off and releases gas when pressure limit is reached

38
Q

Inflation hold/ plateau

A

At peak inspiration, holds pressure or volume. 0.5 to 2 sec

39
Q

I:E limit

A

Prevents vent from delivering an I:E ratio greater than 1:1

40
Q

PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)

A

Positive pressure held at an elevated baseline above atmospheric pressure

Helps increase PaO2

Aka facilitate oxygenation

Keeps alveoli open

41
Q

What modes use PEEP?

A

A/C or IMV/SIMV

42
Q

Physiological effect of PEEP?

A

Causes decreased venous return to heart and possible decreased blood pressure (CAN BE USED TO TREAT PULM EDEMA)
Increase FRC and decreased shunting
Increase airway pressure
Increase peep
Increased pao2 to allow for decreased levels of FiO2 to be used

43
Q

CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure

A

A purely spontaneous mode, cannot be used for patients that are apneic

Used to aid in elevating PaO2 and does not remove PaCO2

Patient must be able to spontaneously ventilate.

44
Q

Key factors in choosing flow pattern?

A

Best ventilate the patient
Provide low PIP
Lowest MAP
I:E ratio of at least 1:2

45
Q

Sine wave

A

Like normal breathing

Flow is not constant

46
Q

Square wave

A

Inspirstory flow is constant

Could increase peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure

47
Q

Tapered/decelerating/ rape waveform

A

Flow rate on inspiration is high then tapers off

Helps reduce risk of barotrauma

48
Q

How does increased/ decreased flow affect I:E time

A

Increased flow: decreased I time, increased E time

Decreased flow: increased I time, decreased e time

49
Q

How does volume effect I:E time

A

Increased volume: increased i time, decreased e time

Decreased volume: decreased i time, increased e time

50
Q

How does rate affect I:E time

A

Increased rate: decreased i time, decreased e time

Decreased rate: increased i time, increased e time

51
Q

Spontaneous breaths?

A

Patient triggered and patient cycled

52
Q

Mandatory breaths?

A

Machine trigger and maching cycled

Patient triggered and machine cycled

53
Q

CMV or assist/control

A

Interchangeable terms

Deliver mandatory breaths

54
Q

CMV

A

Each breath delivered is a set volume or pressure

CMV or control, the patient CANNOT take a spontaneous breath

55
Q

IMV/ SIMV

A

The vent will deliver a mandatory breath and the patient can initiate a spontaneous breath.

56
Q

CSV

A

Continuous spontaneous vent all breaths are initiated and cycled by the patient

57
Q

Inverse I: E ratio is used when

A

Used when a patient is very critical and maximum levels of O2 and PEEP are not improving patients oxygenation.

58
Q

IMV/ SIMV

A

Not a full support mode
Used as a weaning mode

transtion to full weaning mode

59
Q

Will IMV have a set rate and if so can patient take spontaneous breaths?

A

Yes, and in between the set number of breaths the patient can take as many spontaneous breaths as needed

60
Q

Main difference between simv and imv?

A

SIMV will not stack breath’s

61
Q

What breathing mode is used for weaning and known as a spotter?

A

PSV

62
Q

PSV (pressure support ventilation)

A

Purely spontaneous. Patient must be able to spontaneously breath

Patient triggers the machines

63
Q

What type of cycle is PSV

A

Flow cycled

64
Q

What levels compensate for the airway resistance of an artificial airway and tubing?

A

5-7 cm H2O

65
Q

How does PSV help?

A 
Decreased WOB
Can increase spontaneous tidal volume
Can decrease RR
Can increased VT
Reduces respiratory muscle activity 
Can decrease O2 consumption (good for COPD)
66
Q

What is your goal of PSV?

A

Maintain spontaneous VT of 4-8 ml/kg IBW

Decrease RR < than 30 bpm

Decrease WOB

67
Q

If you want to increase spontaneous tidal volume with ps what do you do?

A

Increase PS until volumes near your desired level.

68
Q

If your goal is to overcome RAW what do you do with PS?

A

Increase pressure support level until work of breathing decrease and vent pattern improves

69
Q

Pressure support will not do all of the work for them, will help w increasing spontaneous tidal volume

A

Pressure support mimics our normal breaths

70
Q

What mode if a patient is not breathing spontaneously or not strong enough to initiate an assisted breath?

A

Assist/control or CMV

71
Q

What mode if patient is strong enough to assist vent in Assist/control?

A

SIMV

72
Q

Patient whose tidal volume is large but has low PaO2?

A

Try PEEP or CPAP

73
Q

Patient strong enough to assist vent but has low VT in spontaneous breaths

A

PSV

74
Q

Who does flow triggering help?

A

All patients

75
Q

When oxygenation is poor and pressure control does not work?

A

Inverse ratio ventilation

Advanced Respiratory Therapy Procedures (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions