artificial selection

Question 1

define ‘artificial selection’

Answer 1

selection of plants or animals with desirable characteristics for breeding
- also called selective breeding

Question 2

what creates selection pressure in natural selection?

Answer 2

nature

Question 3

what creates selection pressure in artificial selection?

Answer 3

human breeding the organisms

Question 4

describe ‘selection’

Answer 4

choose 2 of same species which show the trait that you want to increase
eg milk yield

Question 5

describe ‘interbreeding’

Answer 5

let the organisms reproduce

Question 6

describe ‘inbreeding’

Answer 6

choose the organisms that show the best traits and breed them together

Question 7

describe ‘repeat’

Answer 7

repeat over many generations

Question 8

describe ‘change in allele frequency and phenotypes’

Answer 8

over time, increases frequency of alleles for desired traits and increase in organisms showing these phenotypes

• speciation can sometimes occur

Question 9

state the 5 steps of artificial selection

Answer 9

• selection
• interbreed
• inbreed
• repeat
• change in frequency

Question 10

describe some of the problems caused by inbreeding (3)

Answer 10

• limiting gene pool and genetic diversity reduces the ability of inbred organisms to adapt to environmental change
• closely related organisms are likely to have same recessive alleles so offspring are more likely to be homozygous for recessive traits for genetic disorders
• reduces ability to survive and reproduce so are less biologically fit