articulations/ joints Flashcards
fibrous joint ( by structure)
occurs where bones are held together by dense regular( fibrous)connective tissue.
Cartilaginous joint ( by structure)
occurs where bones are joined by cartilage
Synovial joint (by structure)
has fluid-filled joint cavity that separates the cartliage-covered articulating-surfaces of the bones. Enclosed by a joint capsule.
Synarthrosis ( by fuction)
immobile joint
Amphiarthrosis ( by function)
slightly mobile joint
Diarthrosis ( by function)
freely moving joint
Hinge joint
- uniaxial
- the convex surface of one articulating bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone.
Planar joint
- uniaxial
- simplest synovial articulation
- ## least mobile type of diarthrosis joint
Pivot joint
gliding, uniaxial
Condylar joint
oval convex surface, fits in concave surface, biaxial
Saddle joint
like a saddle, biaxial
Ball-socket-joint
rounded part of a bone into a cup-like depression, multiaxial
Anatomy of synovial joint
- ligaments
- sensory nerves
- blood vessels
- bursae
- tendon sheaths
- fat pads
Order joints from least to most moveable
Plane Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball-and-socket
movement @ synovial joint
Gliding motion – angle does not change (plane joints mainly ie. Carpals)
Angular motion - Increases or decreases the angle between bones (flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction)
Rotational motion - A bone turns on its longitudinal axis (ie. Atlantoaxial joint – “no” gesture); (limbs – medial/lateral rotation, pronation/supination)
Special movements - Occur only at specific joints (depression/elevation, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion, protraction/retraction, opposition)
