articulations/ joints Flashcards
fibrous joint ( by structure)
occurs where bones are held together by dense regular( fibrous)connective tissue.
Cartilaginous joint ( by structure)
occurs where bones are joined by cartilage
Synovial joint (by structure)
has fluid-filled joint cavity that separates the cartliage-covered articulating-surfaces of the bones. Enclosed by a joint capsule.
Synarthrosis ( by fuction)
immobile joint
Amphiarthrosis ( by function)
slightly mobile joint
Diarthrosis ( by function)
freely moving joint
Hinge joint
- uniaxial
- the convex surface of one articulating bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone.
Planar joint
- uniaxial
- simplest synovial articulation
- ## least mobile type of diarthrosis joint
Pivot joint
gliding, uniaxial
Condylar joint
oval convex surface, fits in concave surface, biaxial
Saddle joint
like a saddle, biaxial
Ball-socket-joint
rounded part of a bone into a cup-like depression, multiaxial
Anatomy of synovial joint
- ligaments
- sensory nerves
- blood vessels
- bursae
- tendon sheaths
- fat pads
Order joints from least to most moveable
Plane Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball-and-socket
movement @ synovial joint
Gliding motion – angle does not change (plane joints mainly ie. Carpals)
Angular motion - Increases or decreases the angle between bones (flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction)
Rotational motion - A bone turns on its longitudinal axis (ie. Atlantoaxial joint – “no” gesture); (limbs – medial/lateral rotation, pronation/supination)
Special movements - Occur only at specific joints (depression/elevation, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion, protraction/retraction, opposition)
Atlanto-occipital
- Synovial, diarthrosis
- Condylar
- Flexion/extension of neck, lateral flexion of neck
Atlantoaxial
- Synovial, diarthrosis
- Pivot
- Rotation of the head
Sternoclavicular Joint
Diarthrotic Saddle joint Ligaments: Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular Costoclavicular Costal tuberosity Interclavicular
Acromioclavicular Joint
Diarthrotic plane joint Ligaments: Acromioclavicular Coracoclavicular Conoid tubercle
Glenohumeral Joint
Diarthrotic Ball-and-socket joint Features: Glenoid labrum Ligaments: Coracoacromial Coracohumeral Glenohumeral Transverse humeral Rotator cuff muscles SITS
Rotator cuff muscles
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Elbow Joint
Diarthrotic Hinge joint Humeroulnar joint Humeroradial joint Ligaments: Radial (lateral) collateral Ulnar (medial) collateral Anular
Radiocarpal Joint
Diarthrotic Condylar joint Radius + three proximal carpal bones: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum By means of the articular disc
Hip Joint
Diarthrotic Ball-and-socket joint Articular capsule with retinacular fibers Ligaments: Iliofemoral Ischiofemoral Pubofemoral Ligament of head of femur
Knee Joint
Diarthrotic – complex! Hinge joint Medial and lateral menisci Ligaments: Patellar Fibular collateral (LCL) Tibial collateral (MCL) Popliteal ligaments (cross the posterior portion) Cruciate Ligaments Anterior (ACL) Posterior (PCL)
Talocrural (Ankle) Joint
Diarthrotic Hinge joint Two articulations: Tibia and talus Fibula and the lateral aspect of the talus Ligaments: Deltoid Lateral Anterior and posterior tibiofibular
