Articualtion of Speech

Question 1

define articulation

Answer 1

movement/posture of an articulator that interrupts/modifies the airflow in such a way to give rise to a specific type of sound

Question 2

define place

Answer 2

• location in the vocal tract where sound is made

- where things are getting closer together

Question 3

define manner

Answer 3

• nature of the constriction

- DEGREE OF STRICTURE (how close)

Question 4

what are the 7 upper atriculators

Answer 4

upper lip, upper teeth, alveloar ridge, palate, velum, uvula, pharynx wall

Question 5

what are the 4 lower articulators

Answer 5

lower lip, lower teeth, tongue, epiglottis

Question 6

what is an alternate name for the upper articulators

Answer 6

passive articulators

Question 7

what is an alternate name for the lower articulators

Answer 7

active articulators

Question 8

what are the apical and laminal

Answer 8

apical = tip
laminal = blade

Question 9

sounds made with either tip/blade are called

Answer 9

coronal sounds

Question 10

dorsal sounds

Answer 10

sounds produced with front/back of tongue

Question 11

sounds made with the root of the tongue

Answer 11

radical sounds

Question 12

articulators that do not generally move

Answer 12

passive/upper articulators

Question 13

articulators that do move

Answer 13

active/lower articulators

Question 14

bilabial sounds

Answer 14

sounds made at the lip

[p b m]

Question 15

labiodental sounds

Answer 15

sounds made eith the upper teeth against the lower lip

[f v]

Question 16

articulation made against the back of the upper teeth

[th] - voiced(less)

Answer 16

dental sounds

Question 17

sounds made at the alveolar ridge

[t d n l r s z]

Answer 17

alveolar sounds

Question 18

postalveloar sounds

Answer 18

sounds made just behind the alveloar ridge

[ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ]

Question 19

sounds made with tongue curled back to the hard palate

[ʈ ɖ ɳ ʂ ɭ ɻ ɽ]

Answer 19

retroflex sounds

-have a rightforward facing hook

Question 20

palatal sounds

Answer 20

made with the tongue body

[j]

Question 21

velar sounds

Answer 21

made with the tongue back (dorsum) raised towards the soft palate
[k g ŋ]

Question 22

uvular sounds

Answer 22

sounds made with the uvula

-French, German, Dutch and Danish

Question 23

pharyngeal sounds

Answer 23

sounds made by constricting the muscles of the neck and contracting the pharynx

• movement of the tongue root
• occurs rarely in English

Question 24

glottal sounds

Answer 24

made at glottis

[h]

Question 25

what are stop articulations

Answer 25

complete closure in the oral tract

Question 26

name the 4 types of stop articulation

Answer 26

plosives, nasals, trills and taps

Question 27

what is the term for the sticture of COMPLETE CLOSURE + VELIC CLOSURE

Answer 27

plosive

[p t k b d g]

Question 28

what is the difference between tap and flap

Answer 28

SINGLE RAPID CONTACT between one articulator and another

-flap = happens in passing

Question 29

define trills

Answer 29

RAPID REPETITION of one articulator and another

Question 30

define fricatives

Answer 30

stricture of CLOSE APPROXIMATION of articulators resulting in turbulent airflow
[f v s z ʃ ʒ]
“sip”

Question 31

plosives, taps, flaps, trills and fricatives all have…

Answer 31

all have central airflow

Question 32

define laterals

Answer 32

stricure of complete closure IN THE MIDDLE OF VOCAL TRACT = lateral passage of airstream

Question 33

define nasal

Answer 33

like a plosive but NO VELIC CLOSURE

Question 34

Define resonants

Answer 34

• more open than approximants

- have laminal airflow whether voiced/voiceless (sAd vs sAId)