Articles examen 1

Question 1

Qu’est-ce que Condamine et al soulèvent concernant la disparition des dinosaures?

Answer 1

We investigate the influence of ecological and physical factors, and find that the decline of dinosaurs was likely driven by global climate cooling and herbivorous diversity drop. The latter is likely due to hadrosaurs outcompeting other herbivores. We also estimate that extinction risk is related to species age during the decline, suggesting a lack of evolutionary novelty or adaptation to changing environments. These results support an environmentally driven decline of non-avian dinosaurs well before the asteroid impact (Chicxulub.

Question 2

Qu’est-ce que Edwards et al soulèvent dans l’implication du marsupium dans le succès reproducteur des marsupiaux?

Answer 2

Marsupials do
not represent a step in the progression of producing well developed young, but maintain a reproductive strategy that has
evolved to prosper in their specific niche. The production of undeveloped young with increased development in the pouch
(or counterpart) provides specific advantages to those species living in diverse environments. The evolution of this
reproductive strategy provides a clever solution to the uncertain and often adverse conditions encountered by many species,
and the survival of the developing young in a pouch containing potentially harmful microorganisms is truly remarkable.
Il ne s’agit pas d’un pas dans l’évolution, mais d’une stratégie distincte pour leur environnement.
Avantages: flexibilité reproductive, environnement protégé avec sécrétions anti-microbiennes dans la poche, influence dans la diversification des mammifères parce que adaptation rapide à environnements changeants.
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