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HPEX 350 > Articles Exam III > Flashcards

Articles Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrate can increase what?

A

Vasodilation
Angiogensis
Glucose Uptake
SR Ca+ Handling

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2
Q

Additional benefits of bicarbonate

A

Reduces exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in arteries

Decreases rating of perceived exertion during exercise

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3
Q

High-intensity exercise and bicarbonate

A

Events lasting more than 30 seconds
Repeated sprinting
Combat Sports
Prolonged bouts of exercise (60+ min)

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4
Q

What are some symptoms of exercise induced acidosis?

A

Dysfunction of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Reduced cross bridge
Increased Potassium release
Decrease in PFK activity

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5
Q

Peripheral fatigue is due to an increase in what?

A

Hydrogen Ions
Potassium Ions
Phosphate
Metabolic Fuel Sources

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6
Q

Caffeine is an antagonist to what?

A

Adenosine Receptors

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7
Q

What enzyme helps metabolize caffeine?

A

CYP1A2 Isozyme

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8
Q

Adenosine stimulates what?

A

Potassium Channels

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9
Q

Adenosine blocks what?

A

Pre-synaptic Calcium Channels

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10
Q

Adenylyl Cyclase decreases

A

cAMP Levels

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11
Q

Adenosine hinders _______

A

Adenylyl Cyclase

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12
Q

What are the neurotransmitters that are inhibited by adenosine?

A 
Glutamine
GABA
Norepinephrine
Serotonin 
Acetylcholine
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13
Q

Adenosine inhibits the release of _________.

A

Neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Caffeine inhibits what?

A

cAMP Phosphodiesterase (2nd messenger)

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15
Q

Caffeine stimulates ______ to secrete ________?

A

Pituitary gland

Adrenaline

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16
Q

Caffeine increases what?

A

Recruitment of motor units

Mobilization of FFA

Mobilization of Calcium in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

17
Q

What is the major mechanism for creatine’s effect on anaerobic performance?

A

Facilitates re-uptake of Ca2+ into Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, allowing for faster detachment of AM cross bridge

This produces more force on the next impulse

18
Q

What’s a major reason for creatine’s benefits in performance?

A

Decreases muscle growth inhibitors

Increases satellite cell proliferation

Increase in IGF-1 (Major Reason)

19
Q

What increase do we see in muscle hypertrophy from creatine?

A

Collagen mRNA

GLUT4

Myosin Heavy Chain IIA

20
Q

Caffeine is seen as a ______ aid.

A

Ergogenic aid

21
Q

What is the superfamily of enzymes?

A

Cytochrome P450

22
Q

CYP1A2 isozyme can also be expressed as

A

Cytochrome P450 1A2

23
Q

Caffeine is metabolized into what? What is the percent breakdown?

A

Paraxanthine (84%)
Theobromine (12%)
Theophylline (4%)

24
Q

Paraxanthine increases what?

A

Lipolysis

25
Q

Theobromine is associated with what and increases what?

A

Vasodilation

Increases urine production

26
Q

Theophylline is what?

A

A smooth muscle relaxer of bronchi

27
Q

What substance found in energy drinks was shown to have a big effect in the study?

A

Taurine

28
Q

How long do you have to go without caffeine to see an effect if you are a regular user?

A

3 days

29
Q

When do trained individuals see the impact of caffeine?

A

In the morning

30
Q

Did caffeine show improvements in sprinting?

A

No

31
Q

Do regular users see the effect of caffeine?

A

No

32
Q

The caffeine study was what type of analysis?

A

Meta-analysis

33
Q

Nitrate can cause what?

A

Fatigue resistance
Exercise efficiency
Exercise performance

34
Q

In the protein study, what substance was used to test that the subjects were following the diet?

A

PABA

35
Q

The buffering of ______ ion allows us to be in a ______ state

A

H+

Aerobic

36
Q

_____ is responsible for mitochondrial growth

A

PGC-1A

37
Q

PGC-1A is responsible for what. And decreases the reliance of what as a fuel source?

A

Mitochondrial growth

Lactate

HPEX 350 (4 decks)

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