Articles Exam III Flashcards
Nitrate can increase what?
Vasodilation
Angiogensis
Glucose Uptake
SR Ca+ Handling
Additional benefits of bicarbonate
Reduces exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in arteries
Decreases rating of perceived exertion during exercise
High-intensity exercise and bicarbonate
Events lasting more than 30 seconds
Repeated sprinting
Combat Sports
Prolonged bouts of exercise (60+ min)
What are some symptoms of exercise induced acidosis?
Dysfunction of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Reduced cross bridge
Increased Potassium release
Decrease in PFK activity
Peripheral fatigue is due to an increase in what?
Hydrogen Ions
Potassium Ions
Phosphate
Metabolic Fuel Sources
Caffeine is an antagonist to what?
Adenosine Receptors
What enzyme helps metabolize caffeine?
CYP1A2 Isozyme
Adenosine stimulates what?
Potassium Channels
Adenosine blocks what?
Pre-synaptic Calcium Channels
Adenylyl Cyclase decreases
cAMP Levels
Adenosine hinders _______
Adenylyl Cyclase
What are the neurotransmitters that are inhibited by adenosine?
Glutamine GABA Norepinephrine Serotonin Acetylcholine
Adenosine inhibits the release of _________.
Neurotransmitters
Caffeine inhibits what?
cAMP Phosphodiesterase (2nd messenger)
Caffeine stimulates ______ to secrete ________?
Pituitary gland
Adrenaline
Caffeine increases what?
Recruitment of motor units
Mobilization of FFA
Mobilization of Calcium in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
What is the major mechanism for creatine’s effect on anaerobic performance?
Facilitates re-uptake of Ca2+ into Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, allowing for faster detachment of AM cross bridge
This produces more force on the next impulse
What’s a major reason for creatine’s benefits in performance?
Decreases muscle growth inhibitors
Increases satellite cell proliferation
Increase in IGF-1 (Major Reason)
What increase do we see in muscle hypertrophy from creatine?
Collagen mRNA
GLUT4
Myosin Heavy Chain IIA
Caffeine is seen as a ______ aid.
Ergogenic aid
What is the superfamily of enzymes?
Cytochrome P450
CYP1A2 isozyme can also be expressed as
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Caffeine is metabolized into what? What is the percent breakdown?
Paraxanthine (84%)
Theobromine (12%)
Theophylline (4%)
Paraxanthine increases what?
Lipolysis
Theobromine is associated with what and increases what?
Vasodilation
Increases urine production
Theophylline is what?
A smooth muscle relaxer of bronchi
What substance found in energy drinks was shown to have a big effect in the study?
Taurine
How long do you have to go without caffeine to see an effect if you are a regular user?
3 days
When do trained individuals see the impact of caffeine?
In the morning
Did caffeine show improvements in sprinting?
No
Do regular users see the effect of caffeine?
No
The caffeine study was what type of analysis?
Meta-analysis
Nitrate can cause what?
Fatigue resistance
Exercise efficiency
Exercise performance
In the protein study, what substance was used to test that the subjects were following the diet?
PABA
The buffering of ______ ion allows us to be in a ______ state
H+
Aerobic
_____ is responsible for mitochondrial growth
PGC-1A
PGC-1A is responsible for what. And decreases the reliance of what as a fuel source?
Mitochondrial growth
Lactate
