Arthropods, lice, keds, bugs, fleas

Question 1

what is incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 1

intermediate stages look like small adults (egg –> nymph –> adult)

Question 2

what is complete metamorphosis

Answer 2

egg, larva, pupa, adult

Question 3

premise material: aerosol

Answer 3

• knock-down only
• no residue
• temporary control

Question 4

premise material: residual

Answer 4

• residue on substrate

- get more persistent control

Question 5

topical application

Answer 5

• applied to outside of animal

- effective on exterior only

Question 6

systematic (applied topically)

Answer 6

absorbed and active internally

Question 7

feed-thru formulation

Answer 7

intake, passage, active in feces

Question 8

what are lice, keds, bugs (general)

Answer 8

• mostly wingless

- mostly body parasites

Question 9

2 types of lice

Answer 9

• chewing (mallophaga)

- sucking (anoplura)

Question 10

lice life cycle

Answer 10

• nits glued to hair
• incomplete metamorphosis
• nymphs and adults eat skin debris or blood

Question 11

how are lice spread

Answer 11

direct contact, maybe fomites

Question 12

chewing lice

Answer 12

• mammals and birds
• head broader than thorax
• mandibles scrape skin debris
• NOT exposed to systemics (in blood)

Question 13

sucking lice

Answer 13

• mammals, NOT BIRDS
• head narrower than thorax
• suck blood with retractable stylets
• ARE exposed to systemics (in blood)

Question 14

pediculosis

Answer 14

• pruritis
• excessive self-grooming
• hair loss
• skin injury

Question 15

what are keds

Answer 15

• hippoboscid flies
• flattened, wingless fly
• egg and larva develop inside female
• mobile adults, puparia glued to wool
• piercing-sucking mouthparts
• winter outbreaks

Question 16

what are true bugs

Answer 16

• hemiptera

- winged, piercing-sucking mouthparts

Question 17

bed bug, bat bug, swallow bug

Answer 17

• incomplete metamorphosis
• wingless, blood suckers
• off-host reservoir is nest

Question 18

assassin bugs

Answer 18

• reduviidae
• winged
• vector for trypanosoma cruzi

Question 19

order of fleas

Answer 19

siphonaptera

Question 20

flea life cycle

Answer 20

egg (environment) –> larvae –> pupae –> adults

Question 21

2 types of flea lifestyles

Answer 21

• host fleas (on host)

- nest fleas (in nest)

Question 22

adults of host fleas

Answer 22

• permanent ectoparasites
• lay eggs while on host
• eggs fall from host into environment, adults emerge and get on host (can survive 2 wks without host)

Question 23

cat flea

Answer 23

• ctenocephalides felis
• most common
• not host specific

Question 24

dog flea

Answer 24

• ctenocephalides canis

- not host specific

Question 25

poultry flea

Answer 25

echidnophaga gallinacea

Question 26

fleas as biological vectors

Answer 26

• pathogen replicates within

- plague, typhus

Question 27

fleas as intermediate hosts

Answer 27

• pathogen only metamorphosis

- tapeworms

Question 28

short acting anthelmintics

Answer 28

• benzimidazoles (albendazole, fenbendazole)
• imidazoles (levamisole, pyrantel)
• amino-acetonitrile derivatives

Question 29

long acting anthelmintics

Answer 29

avermectins/macrocyclic lactones (doramectin, ivermectin, moxiectin, ivermectin)

Question 30

resistance in wisconsin study

Answer 30

• h. contortus resistant to macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles
• cooperia, h. placei resistant to macrocyclic lactones