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Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Trichoptera (caddisfiles)

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Trichoptera

  • vectors of potomac horse fever
  • caused by bacteria (Neorickettsia risticii)
  • bacteria contained in trematodes within the fly
  • acquired by horses through ingestion of caddisflies in drinking water
  • horse symptoms:
    • acute enterocolitis
    • abortion in pregnant mares
    • laminitis
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2
Q

Nematocera

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Nematocera

many long segmented antennae

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3
Q

Culicidae

A

(mosquitoes)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Nematocera→Culicidae→culex or anopheles

autogeny = sometimes females can undergo ovarian maturation without bloodmeal

vector of diseases:
- dirofilaria immitis (heartworm)
- west nile virus
- equine encephalitides

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4
Q

Simulidae

A

(blackflies)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Nematocera→Simulidae

  • short antennae
  • vicious biter, feeds by lacerating tissues and making a blood pool
  • host can develop hypersensitivity

vector diseases?
- Leucocytozoon in birds
- Onchocerca in cattle, dogs, and humans
- causes river blindness in humans

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5
Q

Ceratopogonidae

A

(midges)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Nematocera→Ceratopogonidae
→Culicoides

can cause allergic dermatitis (”queensland itch”) in horses due to hypersensitivity reaction

vector diseases
- Orbiviruses:
- Blue tongue
- African horse sickness

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6
Q

Psychodidae

A

(Phlebotomine sandfiles)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Nematocera→Psychodidae
→Lutzomyia

wing veins radiate in straight lines (like a needle)

vector diseases:
- Leishmania
- dermal lesions
- lymphadenomegaly
- ocular disease
- onychogryposis (nail abnormalites)

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7
Q

Brachycera

A

(Tabanids)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Brachycera

  • stout-bodied, up to hummingbird size
  • stout three-segmented antennae
  • feed through laceration and blood pooling
    • attacks are painful

vector of disease:
- Trypanosoma evansi (surra disease)
- Trypanosome theilelri (nonpathogenic)

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8
Q

Cyclorrhapia

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia

  • larval forms have:
    • hooks on mouth
    • spiracles (breathing organs) at base
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9
Q

Musca

A

(flith flies)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Muscidae→Musca

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10
Q

Musca domestica

A

(house fly)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Muscidae→Musca

vector disease:
- Draschia
- Habronema

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11
Q

Musca autumnalis

A

(face fly)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Muscidae→Musca

M. autumnalis stays inside over winters & outside over summers

vectors:
- Moraxella bovis, which causes infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye)

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12
Q

Stomoxys

A

(stable flies)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Muscidae→Stomoxys
→Stomoxys calcitrans

  • long, pointed proboscis, palps shorter than proboscis
  • both sexes feed on blood

vector disease:
- Habronema microstoma

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13
Q

Haematobia

A

(horn files)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Muscidae→Haematobia
→Haematobia irritans

  • palps same length as proboscis
  • eggs laid in cow manure
    • can treat by removing manure more frequently
    • eggs develop to new egg-laying adults within 2 weeks
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14
Q

Glossinidae

A

(Tse Tses)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Glossinidae

  • long, feather-like arista

vector disease:
- Trypanosoma brucei = African sleeping sickness in humans, Nagana in livestock

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15
Q

Hippoboscidae

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Hippoboscidae

  • Hippobosca equinus: horse ked
  • Lipoptena cervi: deer ked
  • Melophagus ovinus: sheep ked
    • entire lifecycle completed on sheep
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16
Q

Sarcophagidae

A

(Flesh Files)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Sarcophagidae

large maggots, sunken spiracles (respiratory openings)

can be facultative parasites, with maggots resulting in myiasis (infection of skin with larva) in wounded or wet skin

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17
Q

Calliphoridae

A

(Blow Flies)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Calliphoridae

  • metallic blue, green, copper or black adults
  • most are scavengers or facultative parasites
    • attracted to wet skin, wounds, necrotic tissue

In sheep causes…
- wool strike = developing larvae feed on scales and exudate on skin surface, and penetrate tissues
- affects areas stained by urine or feces (perineum, prepuce)
- toxins absorbed from myiasis can lead to death

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18
Q

Cochilomyia hominivorax

A

(American screwworm)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Calliphoridae

pigmented tracheal trunks

this species a exception:
- obligate parasite
- cause primary myiasis (feed on living tissue)
- reportable bc disease can effect humans

fly control:
- release sterile males at Panama canal border

myiasis treatment:
- coumaphos spay or smear
- SQ ivermectin or doramectin prophylactically

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19
Q

Oestridae

A

(Botflies)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Oestridae

  • typically host-specific, site-specific parasites in larval stage (bots)
  • adults do not feed, only reproduce
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20
Q

Oestrus Ovis

A

(sheep nasal botfly)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Oestridae

  • females deposit larvae in sheep nostrils
  • larvae develop in mucosa of nasal cavity then front sinus, sneezed out and pupate
    • heavy infection causes sneezing and nasal discharge
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21
Q

Hypoderma

A

(Heelflies, GADFLIES)

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Oestridae

Hypoderma bovis
Hypoderma lineatum

  • cattle often react to flies presence by galloping away
  • adults ovipost on hairs of leg (1st stage)
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22
Q

How do Hypoderma bovis migrate to 2nd & 3rd stage larvae?

A

Hypoderma bovis accumulate in spinal canal (2nd stage)

then they migrate to back of cow → 3rd stage larvae found in lumps on dorsum (warbles)

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23
Q

How do Hypoderma lineatum migrate to 2nd & 3rd stage larvae?

A

-Hypoderma lineatum accumulate in esophagus (2nd stage)

  • then they migrate to back of cow → 3rd stage larvae found in lumps on dorsum (warbles)
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24
Q

how do we treat Hypoderma?

A
  • ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidectin
    • macrocytic lactones
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25
Q

why do we not give organophosphate treatment for Hypoderma?

A
  • organophosphate treatment can cause host-parasite reactions
    • bloat, salivation, ataxia, posterior paralysis
    • happens because toxins released from dying larvae
    • can counteract with phenylbutazone pre-treatment or adrenaline
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26
Q

how can warbles be removed?

A

injecting 3% hydrogen peroxide into breathing hole

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27
Q

Gasterophilus

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Oestridae

  • eggs deposited on horse hairs and location depends on species:
    • G. nasalis:
      • intermandibular space
    • G. hemorrhoidalis:
      • lip hairs
    • G. intestinalis:
      • forelegs and shoulder
  • 3rd stage larvae varies in location depending on species:
    • G. nasalis: = ampulla of duodenum
    • G. hemorrhoidalis: = duodenum and rectum
    • G. intestinalis: = nonglandular stomach near margo plicatus
  • treatment?
    • macrocyclic lactones for bots
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28
Q

Cuterebra

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Dipteria→Cyclorrhapia→Oestridae

  • adults rarely seen
  • 3rd stage larva large, dark-brown to black, with stout black spines
  • commonly in northeastern U.S.A around late summer to early fall
  • acquired from rodent and rabbit burrows

where can bots migrate if found in cervical subcutaneous connective tissue?
- can migrate to ocular, nasal, oral regions, and brain

leading to:
- feline ischemic encephalopathy (FIE):
- thrombosis of middle cerebral artery due to migration or toxin secretion →
- ischemic necrosis

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29
Q

Siphonaptera

A

(fleas)

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera

  • wingless, laterally flattened adults
  • large abdomen
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30
Q

ctenocephalides

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera→ctenocephalides

  • ctenocephalides felis much more common than ctenocephalides canis
  • parasitize cats, dogs, cattle, and humans
  • genal and pronotal combs
    • genal teeth run parallel to head
  • eggs laid on host, larvae can hatch on host
  • larval fleas eat parent feces and organic debris
  • jumping from host to host NOT COMMON
  • adults emerge by weeks 3-4
    • feed immediately after getting on host
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31
Q

what do ctenocephalides cause and diseases they vector?

A
  • gravid females consume average 13.6 uL blood per day
    • an cause exsanguination of host (anemia)
  • intermediate host of:
    • tape worm, Dipylidium canium
    • nematode, Acanthochelionema reconditum
  • can cause flea allergy dermatitis due to host hypersentitivity to flea saliva
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32
Q

how do we diagnose ctenocephalides ?

A
  • comb through hair with a flea comb to collect adults
  • paper chromatography: place detritus on paper and dampen with detergent solution to check for hemoglobin diffusion
    • red halo → blood breakdown product → fleas present
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33
Q

how to treat and attack adult ctenocephalides?

A
  • Isoxazolines (afoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, sarolaner)
  • nitenpyram, spinosad, selamectin, fipronil, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, flumethrin, indoxacarb
  • Fibpronil toxic to rabbits
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34
Q

how to treat and attack larvae and pupae ctenocephalides?

A
  • insect growth regulators (lufenuron, pyriproxyfen, methoprene)
  • prevents larvae and pupae development
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35
Q

Echidnophaga

A

(sticktight flea)

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera→Echidnophaga

  • affects poultry, dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, humans
    • around eyes and cloaca, combs and wattles
  • no genal or pronotal combs
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36
Q

Tunga

A

(Jigger, Chigoe)

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera→Tunga

  • impregnated female embed in skin of ankles and feet in humans & animals
  • painful lesions subject to secondary infection
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37
Q

Xenopsylla

A

(rat fleas), also attack humans

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera→Xenopsylla

  • no genal or pronotal combs, vertical rod on mesothorax
  • vector disease for:
    • Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)
    • Ricketssia typhi (typhus)
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38
Q

Pulex

A

(human flea)
- also affects swine and dogs

Arthropods→Insecta→Siphonaptera→Pulex

  • no genal nor pronotal combs
    • no rod
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39
Q

Phthiraptera

A

(lice)

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera

  • two main groups?
    1. Anoplura = blood sucking lice
      1. narrow head and piercing mouth parts
    2. Mallophaga = skin chewing lice
      1. broad head
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40
Q

Anoplura

A

(blood sucking lice)

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Anoplura

  • piercing mouthparts, narrow head
  • pincer-like claw for clinging to hair
  • parasitize placental animals only
    • birds and reptiles not affected
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41
Q

Haematopinus

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Anoplura→Haematopinus

  • all tarsal claws equal size
  • sclerotized lateral margins (bumps along side)
  • vector disease:
    • swinepox virus
      • horses: H. asini
      • pigs: H. suis
      • cattle: H. eurysternus
        • common in North America
        • can cause severe anemia
42
Q

Lingognathus & Solenopotes

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Anoplura→Lingognathus & Solenopotes

  • first pair of tarsal claws smaller than second and third pairs
  • cattle affected by:
    • Lingognathus vituli
    • Solenopotes capillatus
  • dogs affected by:
    • Lingognathus setosus
43
Q

Pthirus

A

(human pubic lice)

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Anoplura→Pthirus

  • large tarsal claws adapted to coarse hairs
  • intense pruritus and papular dermatitis
  • spread by close contact
    • may spread to dogs
44
Q

Pediculus

A
  • Pediculus humanus humanus: human body louse
    • clings to clothing fibers rather than hairs
    • vector disease:
      • Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus)

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Anoplura→Pediculus

45
Q

Mallophaga

A

(chewing lice)

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Mallophaga

  • common in poultry
  • feed on epidermal scales, feathers, and sebaceous secretions
46
Q

Bovicola

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Mallophaga→Bovicola

  • Bovicola bovis: cattle
  • Bovicola equi: horses
47
Q

Trichodectes

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Mallophaga→Trichodectes

  • Trichodectes canis: dogs
    • chewing louse dogs
    • intermediate host:
      • Dipylidium caninum
48
Q

Felicola

A

Arthropods→Insecta→Phthiraptera→Mallophaga→Felicola

  • Felciola subrostratus: cats
    • chewing louse cats
49
Q

Hemiptera

A

(bugs)

Arthropods→Insecta→Hemiptera

50
Q

Reduviidae

A

(assassin/kissing bugs)

Arthropods→Insecta→Hemiptera→Reduviidae

  • can transmit protozoan: Trypanosoma cruzi
    -> “Chagas disease”, “American trypanosomiasis”
    • transmitted through feces rubbed into wound (stercorarian transmission)
51
Q

Cimicidae

A

(bedbugs)

Arthropods→Insecta→Hemiptera→Cimicidae

  • hide in crevices and attack at night
  • blood feeders
    • feed on humans, chickens, bats, nesting birds
  • no known vectored diseases
52
Q

Arachnids

A

Arthropods→Arachnids

  • includes ticks and mites
  • larval stages have 3 pairs of legs
  • Nymphs and adults have 4 pairs of legs
  • head, thorax, and abdomen fused
53
Q

Ixodida

A

(Metastigmata) (ticks)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida

  • blood suckers
  • hypostome has backward-facing teeth, chelicerae have movable denticles
  • vectors of many microbial diseases
54
Q

what are tick toxicosis? [2]

A
  • tick paralysis:
    • ascending paralysis due to absorption of toxins from saliva of tick
  • red meat allergy:
    • associated with Amblyomma americanum
55
Q

Argasidae

A

(soft ticks)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida →Argasidae

  • capitulum within ventral margin
    -scutum absent
  • lives in nests, burrows, and sleeping places
  • commonly in arid regions or drier habitats
  • life stages: egg, larva, multiple nymphal stages, adults
  • Nymphs and adults feed repeatedly on hosts
    • females lay clutch of eggs after each blood meal
56
Q

Argas

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Argasidae→Argas

  • flattened, ovoid, yellow-red ticks with sharp lateral margin
  • leathery, wrinkled surfaces
  • mouthparts on ventral surface
  • eggs laid in crevices, hatch to larvae in 1-4 weeks
  • can survive up to 2 years without a meal
  • vector:
    • Borrelia anserina in poultry and other birds
57
Q

Ornithodoros

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Argasidae→Ornithodoros

  • globular body
  • found in cracks in avian roosts and nests, rodent burrows, and large animal resting places
  • vector:
    • Borrelia spp. in humans (tick-borne relapsing fever)
      • transovarian transmission from mother tick to offspring
58
Q

Otobius

A

Otobius megnini (spinose ear tick)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Argasidae→Otobius

  • covered in spines
  • larvae and nymphal stages in ear canals of cattle remain on host for up to 4 months
  • drop to ground to molt to adult stage
  • adults do not feed; they mate and female deposits one clutch of eggs in the soil
59
Q

Ixodidae

A

(hard ticks)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae

capitulum projecting outside anterior margin
scutum present

  • stigmata (respiratory openings) behind last pair of legs
  • anterior end has basis capitulum and mouthparts
60
Q

what is lifecycle of Ixodidae?

A
  • involves molt from larva to nymph, and nymph to adult
    • 1-host ticks
      • both molts completed without leaving host
    • 2-host ticks
      • nymphs leave host to molt to adult
    • 3-host ticks
      • larvae and nymphs leave host to molt to adult
61
Q

what are the implications for 1, 2, or 3 host ticks might be on treatment and prevention of tick infestations on patients?

A
  • ticks that feed on only one host exclusively are much easier to treat/prevent
    • as there is no additional host required for the life cycle of the individual tick
    • ticks with multiple hosts harder to eliminate and can transmit zoonotic disease easier
62
Q

Ixodes

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Ixodes

  • no eyes, festoons, nor scutal patterning
  • preanal groove: anal groove forming an arch anterior to the anus
  • palps broadest at junction of second and third segments
  • Ixodes scapularis
    • common in northeast USA
    • 3-host tick
    • vector disease:
      • Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
  • some species (Ixode holocylus, Ixode pacificus) can cause tick paralysis
63
Q

Haemaphysalis

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Haemaphysalis

  • no eyes nor scutal patterning, festoons present
  • palps have laterally flared second segments
  • Haemaphysalis longicornis
    • invasive tick species
    • vector for Theileria orientalis to large animals
      • what is Theileria orientalis?
        • tickborne protozoal infection of cattle
        • lives in red and white blood cells
64
Q

Rhipicephalus

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Rhipicephalus

  • hexagonal basis capitulum
  • eyes and festoons present
  • scutum unpatterned
65
Q

Rhipcephalus sanguineus

A

(brown dog tick)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Rhipicephalus

  • 3-host tick
    • all stages feed on dogs
  • egg to egg development in ~2months
  • unfed adults can survive up to 1 year
  • vector diseases?
    • Babesia canis (canine piroplasmosis) with transovarial transmission
    • Ehrlichia canis (canine monocytic ehrlichiosis) with interstadial transmission
66
Q

Rhipcephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

A

(bovine tick)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Rhipicephalus

  • ridged palpi dorsally and laterally; no festoons
  • can vector bovine piroplasmosis with transovarial transmission
  • eradication efforts have eliminated this tick from the USA
    • possible due to 1-host life cycle
67
Q

Dermacentor

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Dermacentor

  • rectangular basis capituli
  • scutum patterned
  • Demacentor variabilis (american dog tick)
    • 3-host tick:
      • larvae and nymphs feed on small mammals
      • adults feed on dogs, horses, cattle, wildlife, humans
    • vector diseases?
      • Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
      • Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
    • can cause tick paralysis
68
Q

Amblyomma

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Ixodida→Ixodidae→Amblyomma

  • mouthparts longer than basis capitula
  • scutum patterned
  • Amblyomma americanum:
    • vector for protist:
      • Cytauxzoon felis
      • ** cause red meat allergy**
  • Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf coast tick)
    • vector for:
      • Hepatozoon americanum
69
Q

Mesostigmata

A

(mites)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata

  • identifiable traits:
    • stigmata (respiratory pore) in middle of the body
      • between third and fourth coxae
    • chelicerae (piercing mouthparts)
    • chelae (scissor-like structures)
70
Q

Ornithonyssus

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata→Ornithonyssus

These mites mostly affect:
- mites of poultry and rodents

Visible distinguish:
- stout chelicerae
- gut is dark red to black x

70
Q

what do bloodsucking mesostigmatid mites parasitize?

A

birds and rodents, sometimes humans

71
Q

Dermanyssus Gallinae

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata→Dermanyssus Gallinae

  • visible distinguish it?
    • long slender chelicerae (wip-like), small chelae
  • who do these mites mostly affect?
    • mites of poultry
      • blood loss can kill nestlings and reduce egg production
    • hide in nests and roost during day, attack at night
72
Q

Railletia

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata→Railletia

Railletia auris

  • these mites affect:
    • mites of ear in cattle
  • symptoms they cause:
    • ulceration
    • blockage of auditory canal
    • hearing loss
    • circling, ataxia
    • unilateral facial paralysis
73
Q

Pneumonyssoides

A

Pneumonyssoides caninum

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata→Pneumonyssoides

These mites affect:
- mite of nasal and paranasal sinuses of dogs

symptoms do they cause:
- chronic sneezing and epistaxis

74
Q

Varroa

A

Varroa destructor

Arthropods→Arachnids→Mesostigmata→Varroa

  • large, dark red, ovoid mites
  • suck hemolymph from adults and brood larvae
  • who do these mites affect?
    • parasite of honeybees
      • results in a huge losses of bees
75
Q

Astigmata

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata

  • identifiable traits:
    • lack stigmata (no respiration pore)
      • respiration through integument
    • tarsi have pretarsi with:
      • pedicel (stalk)
      • caruncle (sucker)
76
Q

which Astigmata have long, unsegmented pedicel? [3]

A

Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Knemidokoptes

77
Q

which Astigmata have long, three segments pedicel? [1]

78
Q

which Astigmata have short pedicel? [2]

A

Chorioptes, Otodectes

79
Q

Sarcoptes

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Sarcoptidae→Sarcoptes

  • their identifiable traits:
    • long, unsegmented pedicels
    • anus on posterior edge of body
    • spines look like triangles
  • infect hosts by:
    • burrow in tunnels under epidermis
  • symptoms do they cause:
    • intense pruitus, papules, erythema, crusts, and excorations develop
    • progresses to hyperkeratosis
80
Q

Notoedres

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Sarcoptidae→Notoedres

  • identifiable traits:
    • long, unsegmented pedicels
    • anus on dorsal surface of body
  • spines look like fish scales
  • cause mange in cats, rats, rabbits, and sometimes humans
  • this mange occur first in cats on…
    • starts of pinnae, then spread to face, paws, and hindquarters
81
Q

Knemidokoptes mutans

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Knemidocoptidae→Knemidokoptes mutans

  • They cause:
    • “scaly leg” in chickens, turkeys, and phesants
    • mites burrow in epidermis and cause scales to lift and become loosened
82
Q

Knemidokoptes gallinae

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Knemidocoptidae→Knemidokoptes gallinae

  • depluming mites of chickens, pigeons, and geese
  • They cause:
    • intense pruritus leads to feather pulling
83
Q

Psoroptes

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Psoroptidae→Psoroptes

  • identifiable traits:
    • long legs, long pretarsi with three segments
84
Q

Psoroptes ovis

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Psoroptidae→Psoroptes

  • causes scabies in cattle, sheep, and horses
  • leads to:
    • intense pruritus with scabs, wool loss
  • reportable disease
  • pierces skin surface at base of hairs to feed on serum
85
Q

Psoroptes cuniculi

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Psoroptidae→Psoroptes

  • they cause:
    • ear canker in rabbits
86
Q

Chorioptes

A

Chorioptes bovis

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Psoroptidae→Chorioptes

  • short pretarsi with unsegmented pedicels
  • males have turret-like lobes on posterior margin of body
  • there are found:
    • commonly distributed on tail, escutcheon, and legs of cattle
    • also on tail/legs of sheep, horses, and goats
  • typically occur in late winter as mild pruritus
87
Q

Otodectes

A

Otodectes cynotis

Arthropods→Arachnids→Astigmata→Psoroptidae→Otodectes

  • their identifiable traits:
    • short, unsegmented pedicels
  • nfests external ear canal, and adjacent skin of dogs
  • symptoms they cause:
    • intense irritation
    • dark cerumen (waxy debris) and tan flaky material in ear canal
    • this leads to head shaking that can cause aural hematomas (rupture blood vessels)
88
Q

Prostigmata

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata

  • stigmata anterior (in front) of first pair of legs
  • includes free-living species and obligate parasites
89
Q

Demodex

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • tiny, worm like mites
  • short stubby legs
    • live on skin, and in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of mammals
90
Q

Demodex canis

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • acquired by puppies while nursing
  • mange occurs:
    • 3-6 months of age
  • symptoms causes:
    • erythema (red skin) and alopecia around eyes, mouth, and bony projection
    • nonpruritic - not itchy just hair loss
  • typically, self-limiting and heal on own
    • BUT, cases that persist become generalized (entire body), may prove to be fatal
91
Q

Demodex injai

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • twice the length of D. canis
  • they live:
    • sebaceous glands
      • disrupt sebum production
      • causing seborrheic dermatitis
92
Q

Demodex cornei

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • shorter and stouter than D. canis
  • they live in:
    • stratum corneum
93
Q

Demodex gatoi

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • shorter than D. cati
  • associated with stratum corneum
  • what is special about the transmission?
    • disease is transmissible between cats
94
Q

Demodex bovis

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Demodex

  • this causes:
    • nodules on neck, eyelids, vulva, scrotum and forequarters in cattle
95
Q

Cheyletiella

A

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Cheyletiella

  • identifiable trait:
    • large papal claws
  • Cheyletiella yasguri
    • dogs
    • this causes:
      • puppies develop dermatitis with exfoliative debris
  • Cheyletiella blakei
    • cats
  • Cheyletiella parasitivorax
    • rabbits
96
Q

Trombiculids

A

(chiggers)

Arthropods→Arachnids→Prostigmata→Trombiculids

  • identifiable trait:
    • bright red/orange larvae
  • larvae are parasitic (6 legs)
    • nymphs and adults free-living
  • found on dogs, cats, sheep, and chickens
  • remain on skin for several days
  • they feed by:
    • inject saliva into skin, disintegrating (melt) host cells and suck with straw
    • this will cause:
      • intense pruritus, can persist after mite removal
97
Q

Pentastomids

A

(tongue worms)

Arthropods→Crustacea→Pentastomids

  • specialized crustaceans
  • adults live:
    • in respiratory passages of reptiles, birds, and mammals
      • usually snakes
  • annulated body, 1 stoma with 4 retractable hooks
98
Q

how does pentastomids life cycle work?

A
  • eggs ingested by intermediate hosts → develop into nymphs in host body
    • intermediate host = anything ingested by reptiles
  • nymphs in host tissues ingested by predators → mature to adults
99
Q

Linguatula

A

Arthropods→Crustacea→Pentastomids→Linguatula

  • live as adults in nasal and paranasal sinuses of dogs and cats
    • to be infected need to eat raw meat of intermediate host
  • the intermediate hosts:
    • cattle, sheep, and rabbits
      • nymphs encysted in lymph nodes and serous membranes
  • they cause:
    • nasal bleeding and inflammation

Parasitology (1 decks)

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