Arthropoda Flashcards
Arthropoda- name meaning
Jointed Feet
What is an exoskeleton
hard cover made of chitin
secreted by cells of epidermis
Advantages of an exoskeleton (4)
Allows the organism to be independent from the environment
protection
reduced water loss, allowing colonisation of dry land
a structure for muscles to attach to, allowing for more efficient locomotion
Disadvantages of an exoskeleton
Limits growth
Limits gas exchange
limits movement
Outline the 4 stages of the moulting process
Intermoult- endocuticle detaches from the epidermis
Premoult- exocuticle and endocuticle are reabsorbed
Moult- epicuticle detaches
Post-moult- new exoskeleton forms
What is the tergite
Hard bit on top
What is the sternite
hard bit underneath
what is the pleurite
soft bit in-between
Name the 4 means of gas exchange in Arthropods
Trough the skin
Gills
Book lungs
Trachea
Explain how book lungs work
Spiracle opening into a lung with lamellae lined up like the pages of a book, air flows either side of the lamellae and diffusion occurs
What 3 types of sensorial organs do arthropods have
Mechanoreceptors- detect vibrations
Chemoreceptors- detect smell and taste
photoreceptors- detect light (can be ocelli or compound eyes)
what is a spermatophore
a sack of sperm which the males place on the ground and attract females to inseminate them.
common in Chelicerata because females like to eat males
How does an arthropod excrete nitrogen and how does it make it better adapted to life on land
excreted as uric acid or guanine, the alternative, ammonia is highly toxic and not easy to excrete on land
Chelicerata- name meaning
Chelicera= claws/jaws/fangs
scorpions, spiders, horseshoe crabs
Myriapoda- name meaning
countless number of feet
Diplopoda- millipedes
Chilopoda- centipedes
Crustacea- name meaning
Hard crust
Fleas, barnacles, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, woodlice
Hexapoda- name meaning
six feet
Name the 6 types of mouthparts
Chewing Piercing-sucking sucking sponging-sucking cutting chewing-lapping
Wings- what are elytra
hardcover- found on beetles
Life cycle- what is an ametabolous species
there is no metamorphosis between larvae and adults, they moult many times
Life cycle- what is a hemimetabolous species
5 moults, becoming gradually more adult-like
Life cycle- what is a holometabolous species
complete metamorphosis between larvae and adults, the larvae turn into an adult during the pupae stage
Hymenoptera
Bees, wasps, ants
social insects
different individuals have different roles within the group: queen reproduces, workers, soldiers and colonisers
Lepidoptera
Butterflies and Moths
butterflies and moths are not in separate groups because there is no phylogenic support
A frenulum that connects the wings together in moths is the only true identifier but it is hard to find
wings covered in colourful scales
Why are hexapoda so succesful
adaptable small exoskeleton flight sensory organs
what is reproduction like in hexapoda
internal fertilisation
sexual dimorphism
courtship rituals
what is an elytra wing
hard cover on beetles
what is a membranous wing
typical wing on ancestor
what are halter wings
second pair of wings with a stalk for steering
