Arthrology of the Forelimb Flashcards
Collateral ligaments of the shoulder joint
The tendons of insertion of M. infraspinatus, M. supraspinatus and M. subscapularis
Lig glenohumerale laterale/mediale
Ligaments of the shoulder joint. Poorly developed thickenings of the fibrous part of the joint capsule
Transverse humeral ligament
Ligament of the shoulder joint. A collagenous thickening across the tendon of origin of m. biceps brachii at the intertubercular groove
The articulations of the Elbow joint
Humeroradial joint (Humeral capitulum and trochlea with head of Radius); Humeroulnar joint (Humeral trochlea with incisura trochlearis on the Ulna); Proximal Radioulnar joint (Circumferentia articularis radii with Incisura radialis on the Ulna)
Ligament collaterale cubiti lateraleqmediale
Ligaments of the elbow joint. Pronounced thickenings in the fibrous layer of the capsule. The beceps’ and brachialis’ tendons cover the distal portion of the medial collateral ligament
Ligament anulare radii
Ligament of the elbow joint. A thin band that runs transversely around the radius. It attaches to the lateral and medial coronoid processes of the Ulna. Lies deep to the collateral ligament
Ligament olecrani
Ligament of the elbow joint. An elastic ligament thet passes between the craniomedial aspect of the olecranon to the medial border of the olecrenon fossa
Ligament interosseum antebrachii
Ligament of the elbow joint. A condensation of collagenous tissue that units the radius and ulna proximally
Membrana interossea antebrachii
The dense membrane that connects the interosseus margins of the Radius and Ulna, forming the Radioulnar syndesmosis. It also separates between the exensor and flexor compartments of the forearm
Articulatio radioulnaris distalis
The distal radioulnar joint is formed between the circumferenca articularis ulnare and the incisura ulnaris of the Radius. Incorporated into the antebrachiocarpal joint.
Ligament radioulnare
Ligament of the distal radioulnar joint. This is a short lig. which tightly connects the cranial surfaces of the distal Radius and Ulna
Artriculations of the carpal joint
Antebrachiocarpal joint - most proximal, lies between the distal radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones. Includes the distal radioulnar joint and the articulations of the accessory carpal bones; Middle carpal joint - lies between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones; Carpometacarpal joint - most distal, lies between the distal row of carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpal bones. Includes the articulations between the bases of adjecent metacarpal bones
Fibrous joint
Without joint space; Little or no mobility
Cartilaginous joint
Without a joint space; limited mobility (streching, etc.)
Synovial joint
With a joint space; greater mobility
Synarthrosis
Another name for fibrous joint
Amphiarthrosis
Anoter name for cartilaginous joint
Diarthrosis
Another name for synovial joint
Syndesmoses
May include interosseus membrane. Example: Radius-Ulna
Sutures
Between flat bones of the skull
Gomphosis
Between tooth cementum and bone of dental alveoli
Hyaline cartilage joint
Mostly temporary. Example: growing plates
Fibrocartilaginous joint
Midline cartilage that connects two symetrical bones (Symphysis). Examples: Pelvis, Mandible
Synostosis
Fusion of bones. Example: cow’s Radius and Ulna
Simple joint
Between two bones
Compound joint
More than two bones
Complex joint
Two bones or more + articular disc (fibrocartilaginous)
Gliding joint
Non-axial, plane. Example: vertebrates
Hinge joint (ginglymus)
Movement axis vertical to the longitudinal axis of the bones. Allows flexion/extension. Example: Elbow joint
Pivot joint
Rotation parrallel to the bone’s longitudinal axis. Example: between the the Radius and Ulna (head of radius can rotate). Mostly pronation/supination movement
Sledge joint
Knee-cap
Saddle joint
Opposite surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. The joint is bi-axial and allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction without axial rotation. Example: The base of the thumb
Condyloid/Elipsoid joint
An ovoid articular surface (condyle) that is recieved into an elliptical cavity. Permits movement in two planes: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction (all of the others together)
Spheroid joint
Also known as “Ball and Socket”. The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like depression of another. Capable of motion around an idefinite number of axes. Example: pelvic joint
Ligament collateral carpi mediale
consists of two parts: the straight part runs from a tubercule above the radial styloid process to the most medial part of the intermedial carpal; the oblique part runs from the styloid process to the palmaromedial surface of the intermedioradial carpal
Ligament collaterale carpi laterale
Extends from the ulnar styloid process to the ulnar carpal
Extensor Retinaculum
Transversely oriented condensation of carpal fascia that aids in holding in grooves all the tendons that cross the dursum of the carpus
Flexor retinaculum
Modification of the palmar part of the carpal fascia. Attaches laterally to the medial part of the enlarged free palmar end of the accessory carpal bone and passes medially to the styloid processes and the palmar projections of the intermedioradial and first carpals
Carpal canal
Superficial border - superficial part of the flexor rtinaculum; Deep border - Palmar carpal fibrocartilage; Lateral border - the accessory carpal bone. Contains tendons and synovial sheaths, some veins and arteries and nerves.
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Between the distal end of a metacarpal bone, the proximal end of P1 and one (in digit I) or two (in digits II-V) sesamoid bones
Proxinal interphalangeal joint
Between the distal end of P1 and proximal end of P2. In digit I there is no P2, so this entire joint is missing
Distal interphalangeal joint
Between the distal end of P2 (P1 in digit I) and the base of P3. Supported by the subcutaneous cushion of the digital pad
