Arthrology of the Forelimb

Question 1

Collateral ligaments of the shoulder joint

Answer 1

The tendons of insertion of M. infraspinatus, M. supraspinatus and M. subscapularis

Question 2

Lig glenohumerale laterale/mediale

Answer 2

Ligaments of the shoulder joint. Poorly developed thickenings of the fibrous part of the joint capsule

Question 3

Transverse humeral ligament

Answer 3

Ligament of the shoulder joint. A collagenous thickening across the tendon of origin of m. biceps brachii at the intertubercular groove

Question 4

The articulations of the Elbow joint

Answer 4

Humeroradial joint (Humeral capitulum and trochlea with head of Radius); Humeroulnar joint (Humeral trochlea with incisura trochlearis on the Ulna); Proximal Radioulnar joint (Circumferentia articularis radii with Incisura radialis on the Ulna)

Question 5

Ligament collaterale cubiti lateraleqmediale

Answer 5

Ligaments of the elbow joint. Pronounced thickenings in the fibrous layer of the capsule. The beceps’ and brachialis’ tendons cover the distal portion of the medial collateral ligament

Question 6

Ligament anulare radii

Answer 6

Ligament of the elbow joint. A thin band that runs transversely around the radius. It attaches to the lateral and medial coronoid processes of the Ulna. Lies deep to the collateral ligament

Question 7

Ligament olecrani

Answer 7

Ligament of the elbow joint. An elastic ligament thet passes between the craniomedial aspect of the olecranon to the medial border of the olecrenon fossa

Question 8

Ligament interosseum antebrachii

Answer 8

Ligament of the elbow joint. A condensation of collagenous tissue that units the radius and ulna proximally

Question 9

Membrana interossea antebrachii

Answer 9

The dense membrane that connects the interosseus margins of the Radius and Ulna, forming the Radioulnar syndesmosis. It also separates between the exensor and flexor compartments of the forearm

Question 10

Articulatio radioulnaris distalis

Answer 10

The distal radioulnar joint is formed between the circumferenca articularis ulnare and the incisura ulnaris of the Radius. Incorporated into the antebrachiocarpal joint.

Question 11

Ligament radioulnare

Answer 11

Ligament of the distal radioulnar joint. This is a short lig. which tightly connects the cranial surfaces of the distal Radius and Ulna

Question 12

Artriculations of the carpal joint

Answer 12

Antebrachiocarpal joint - most proximal, lies between the distal radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones. Includes the distal radioulnar joint and the articulations of the accessory carpal bones; Middle carpal joint - lies between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones; Carpometacarpal joint - most distal, lies between the distal row of carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpal bones. Includes the articulations between the bases of adjecent metacarpal bones

Question 13

Fibrous joint

Answer 13

Without joint space; Little or no mobility

Question 14

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 14

Without a joint space; limited mobility (streching, etc.)

Question 15

Synovial joint

Answer 15

With a joint space; greater mobility

Question 16

Synarthrosis

Answer 16

Another name for fibrous joint

Question 17

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 17

Anoter name for cartilaginous joint

Question 18

Diarthrosis

Answer 18

Another name for synovial joint

Question 19

Syndesmoses

Answer 19

May include interosseus membrane. Example: Radius-Ulna

Question 20

Sutures

Answer 20

Between flat bones of the skull

Question 21

Gomphosis

Answer 21

Between tooth cementum and bone of dental alveoli

Question 22

Hyaline cartilage joint

Answer 22

Mostly temporary. Example: growing plates

Question 23

Fibrocartilaginous joint

Answer 23

Midline cartilage that connects two symetrical bones (Symphysis). Examples: Pelvis, Mandible

Question 24

Synostosis

Answer 24

Fusion of bones. Example: cow’s Radius and Ulna

Question 25

Simple joint

Answer 25

Between two bones

Question 26

Compound joint

Answer 26

More than two bones

Question 27

Complex joint

Answer 27

Two bones or more + articular disc (fibrocartilaginous)

Question 28

Gliding joint

Answer 28

Non-axial, plane. Example: vertebrates

Question 29

Hinge joint (ginglymus)

Answer 29

Movement axis vertical to the longitudinal axis of the bones. Allows flexion/extension. Example: Elbow joint

Question 30

Pivot joint

Answer 30

Rotation parrallel to the bone's longitudinal axis. Example: between the the Radius and Ulna (head of radius can rotate). Mostly pronation/supination movement

Question 31

Sledge joint

Answer 31

Knee-cap

Question 32

Saddle joint

Answer 32

Opposite surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. The joint is bi-axial and allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction without axial rotation. Example: The base of the thumb

Question 33

Condyloid/Elipsoid joint

Answer 33

An ovoid articular surface (condyle) that is recieved into an elliptical cavity. Permits movement in two planes: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction (all of the others together)

Question 34

Spheroid joint

Answer 34

Also known as "Ball and Socket". The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like depression of another. Capable of motion around an idefinite number of axes. Example: pelvic joint

Question 35

Ligament collateral carpi mediale

Answer 35

consists of two parts: the straight part runs from a tubercule above the radial styloid process to the most medial part of the intermedial carpal; the oblique part runs from the styloid process to the palmaromedial surface of the intermedioradial carpal

Question 36

Ligament collaterale carpi laterale

Answer 36

Extends from the ulnar styloid process to the ulnar carpal

Question 37

Extensor Retinaculum

Answer 37

Transversely oriented condensation of carpal fascia that aids in holding in grooves all the tendons that cross the **dursum** of the carpus

Question 38

Flexor retinaculum

Answer 38

Modification of the palmar part of the carpal fascia. Attaches laterally to the medial part of the enlarged free palmar end of the accessory carpal bone and passes medially to the styloid processes and the palmar projections of the intermedioradial and first carpals

Question 39

Carpal canal

Answer 39

Superficial border - superficial part of the flexor rtinaculum; Deep border - Palmar carpal fibrocartilage; Lateral border - the accessory carpal bone. Contains tendons and synovial sheaths, some veins and arteries and nerves.

Question 40

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 40

Between the distal end of a metacarpal bone, the proximal end of P1 and one (in digit I) or two (in digits II-V) sesamoid bones

Question 41

Proxinal interphalangeal joint

Answer 41

Between the distal end of P1 and proximal end of P2. In digit I there is no P2, so this entire joint is missing

Question 42

Distal interphalangeal joint

Answer 42

Between the distal end of P2 (P1 in digit I) and the base of P3. Supported by the subcutaneous cushion of the digital pad