Arthrology Introduction Flashcards
Define ‘joint’
A joint is defined as a place where two or more bones meet or articulate.
Where are joints formed in long bones?
In long bones the ends are the parts which form the joints;.
Where are joints formed in short bones?
Various parts of the surface
Where are joints formed in flat bones?
At the edges
What is the nature of the joint dependent on?
The amount of movement permitted or required between two bones .
Define ‘arthrology’
The study of the structure and function of the joints in the body.
What are the 3 classifications of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial
Describe the structure of a fibrous joint
Bones are srongly connected by fibrous tissue with no joint cavity and little movement occurring between bones.
Describe the structure of a cartilagenous joint
Bones are strongly connected by cartilage with no joint cavity, some movement occurs between bones.
Describe the structure of a synovial joint
Bones are in contact with one another, but are connected by a specialised fibrous tissue in the form of capsule and ligaments.
Between the bones there is a joint cavity which allows varying degrees of movement.
The most common type of joint.
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints
Sutures
Gomphosis
Syndesmoses
Describe the structure and location of sutures
Sutures are found only in the skull where the margins of the bones articulate with each other.
They are strongly reinforced by fibrous tissue in the form of a sutural ligament. As a result, there is no appreciable movement at a fibrous joint.
Describe the structure and location of gomphosis
Gomphosis are special fibrous articulations restricted to the fixation of the teeth into the mandible and maxilla.
Describe the structure and location of syndesmoses
Syndesmoses are rare in mammals and the only true example of this type of articulation is the inferior tibiofibular joint.
What are the 2 types of cartaligenous joints
Synchondroses (primary cartilaginous joints)
Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints)
Describe the structure and function of synchondroses
These joints are held together by a plate of hyaline cartilage. These are temporary joints designed to allow growth of bones but not movement
Joints at the growth plates of long bones fall into this category and are gradually ossified when growth is complete.