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Gross Anatomy Lecture (Exam 1) > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

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1
Q

What six synovial joints exist?

A

Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Sellar, and Spheroidal

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2
Q

What is a planar joint?

A

A synovial joint that is flat with uniaxial gliding and sliding with a tight joint capsule

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3
Q

What is a ginglymus joint?

A

A hinge joint that is uniaxial and has a thin, slack joint capsule

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4
Q

What is a trochoid joint?

A

A pivot joint with uniaxial rotation

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5
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

A joint with one or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces, biaxial

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6
Q

What is a sellar joint?

A

A saddle joint that has both surfaces convex and concave, biaxial, and allows false circumduction without rotation

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7
Q

What is a spheroidal joint?

A

A ball and socket joint that is multiaxial and allows circumspection in multiple planes

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8
Q

What kind of fibrous joints are there?

A

Sutures (serrated, squamous, and planar), schindylesis, gomphosis, and syndesmosis

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9
Q

What is a suture joint?

A

A fibrous joint that is interlocked bone separated by fibrous connective tissue

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10
Q

What is schindylesis?

A

A fibrous joint that is described as a tongue-in-groove joined by fibrous connective tissue

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11
Q

What is gomphosis?

A

A fibrous joint that is described as peg-in-socket joined by fibrous connective tissue

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12
Q

What is syndesmosis?

A

A fibrous joint where two bones are separated by a fibrous membrane

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13
Q

What joints are considered to be cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondrosis and symphysis

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14
Q

What is synchondrosis?

A

A primary cartilaginous joint that is characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions of hyaline cartilage, usually between the diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone

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15
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What kind of joint is the atlantooccipital joint?

A

It is a condyloid synovial joint, between the atlas and the basilar occipital bone.

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17
Q

What kind of joint is the median antlantoaxial joint?

A

It is a trochoid synovial joint between the anterior facet of the dens of the axis and the articular facet for the dens on the atlas

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18
Q

What kind of joint is the lateral atlantoaxial joint?

A

A Planar synovial joint between the superior and inferior articulating process of the atlas and axis

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19
Q

What kind of joint is the lumbosacral joint?

A

It is a compound joint of symphysis and planar synovial, between L5 and the sacrum

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20
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

A Sellar synovial joint between the clavicular notch of the manubrium and the sternal facet on the sternal end of the clavicle

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21
Q

What are the important components of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Articular capsule (fibrous capsule that surrounds the joint), the articular disc, costoclavicular ligament, anterior sternoclavicular ligament, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the interclavicular ligament

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22
Q

What kind of joint is the acriomioclavicular joint?

A

A planar synovial joint between the acromial facet on the acromial end of the clavicle and the facet on the acromion of the scapula

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23
Q

What are important components of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Articular capsule (surrounds the joint), articular disc, acriomioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament (comprised of the trapezoid and Conoid ligaments)

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24
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

A spheroidal synovial joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapular head, which is deepened and supported by the glenoid labrum and the head of the humerus

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25
What are the important components of the glenohumeral joint?
Glenoid labrum, articular capsule (loose and surrounds the joint), synovial membrane (lines the fibrous capsule, communicates with the subscapular bursa, forms a sheath around the long head of the biceps brachii tendon), bursae of the glenohumeral joint (subscapular and subacromial), glenohumeral ligament, coracohumeral ligament, transverse numeral ligament, and the coracoacromial arch (including the coracoacromial ligament)
26
What kind of joint is the elbow?
A Ginglymus synovial joint between the numeral condole, the trochlear notch of the ulna and the head of the radius
27
What are the important components of the elbow joint?
Articular capsule and synovial membrane; humeroulnar joint that has the ulnar collateral ligament and anterior, posterior, and oblique band as well; humeroradial joint that has the radial collateral ligament with annular ligament around the radial head
28
What are the bursae of the elbow joint?
Olecranon Bursae (subtendinous olecranon, intratendinous olecranon, and subcutaneous olecranon) subcutaneous bursa of the medial numeral epicondyle Subcutaneous bursa of the lateral numeral epicondyle Bursa of the anconeus Bursa at origin of extensor Carpi radialis brevis Bicipitoradial bursa
29
What kind of joints are the radioulnar joints?
1. Proximal Radioulnar is a trochoid synovial joint 2. Middle Radioulnar is a syndesmosis joint 3. Distal Radioulnar is a trochoid synovial joint
30
What are the important components of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Articular capsule, synovial membrane, and the annular ligament (holds the radial head in the radial notch)
31
What are the important components of the middle radioulnar joint?
Oblique cord and the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius
32
What are the important components of the distal radioulnar joint?
Articular capsule (fibrous capsule + synovial membrane), sacciform recess (small pocket of synovial membrane protruding out from under the fibrous capsule), and the articular disc
33
What kind of joint is the radiocarpal joint (wrist)?
Condylar synovial joint between the distal end of the radius, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones
34
What are the important components of the wrist joint?
Articular capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane) + articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint Palmar and Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments Palmar and Dorsal Ulnocarpal ligaments Radial and Ulnar Collateral Ligaments
35
What kind of joint are the intercarpal joints? (I.e. scapholunate, lunotriquetrum, pisotriquetrum, pisohamate, trapeziotrapezoid, capitiohamate, trapeziocapitate)
Planar synovial joints
36
What are the important components of the intercarpal joints?
Articular capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane) Posterior intercarpal ligament (between carpal bones posteriorly) Anterior Intercarpal ligament (between carpal bones anteriorly) Interosseous intercarpal ligament (in the joint space b/w carpal bones) Pisiform joint (articulation of the pisiform with anterior surface of triquetrum) Pisohamate ligament (between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate)
37
What kind of joint are the midcarpal joints? (I.e. between proximal and distal rows of carpals)
Sellar synovial joints
38
What are the important components of the midcarpal joints?
Articular capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane) It is strengthened by the anterior and posterior intercarpal ligaments and the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments of the wrist, too
39
What kind of joint is the 1st Carpometacarpal joint?
Sellar Synovial
40
What are the important components of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
Articular capsule Palmar Carpometacarpal Ligament Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligament
41
What kind of joints are the 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal joints?
Planar Synovial joints
42
What are the important components of the 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal joints?
Articular capsule Palmar and Dorsal Carpometacarpal Ligaments Pisometacarpal ligament Radiate Carpal Ligament
43
What kind of joint are the intermetacarpal joints?
Planar synovial joints
44
What are the important components of the intermetacarpal joints?
Articular capsule Dorsal and Palmer Intermetacarpal ligaments Interosseous Intermetacarpal ligament (inside the joint space between bases of metacarpal bones)
45
What kind of joint are the Metacarpophalangeal joints?
Condylar Synovial joints
46
What are the important components of the Metacarpophalangeal joints?
Articular capsule Palmar Ligament Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament Deep transverse Metacarpal ligament
47
What kind of joint is the 1st Interphalangeal joint?
Ginglymus Synovial
48
What are the important components of the 1st interphalangeal joint?
Articular Capsule Palmar Ligament Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament
49
What kind of joint is the proximal interphalangeal joint?
Ginglymus Synovial (union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges)
50
What are the important components of the proximal interphalangeal joints?
Articular Capsule Palmar Ligament Medial and Lateral collateral Ligament
51
What kind of joint is the distal interphalangeal joint?
Ginglymus synovial (union between 2nd-5th intermediate and distal phalanges)
52
What are the important components of the Distal interphalangeal joints?
Articular capsule Palmar Ligament Medial and Lateral collateral ligaments
53
What is pectoral fascia?
It invests the Pectoralis Major M., is continuous superiory with the deltoid fascia, laterally with axiallary fascia, and inferiorly with abdominal deep fascia
54
What is axillary fascia?
The floor of the axilla, continuous medically with pectoral fascia and inferiorly with clavipectoral fascia
55
What is clavipectoral fascia?
Deep to Pectoral fascia and the pectoralis major m., Extends inferiorly from the clavicle to invest the subclavius and pectoralis minor m. before blending with axillary fascia
56
What are the Costocoracoid membrane and the suspensory ligament of the axilla?
Costocoracoid: clavipectoral fascia between the subclavius muscle and the pectoralis minor muscle Suspensory: Clavipectoral fascia between the pectoralis minor muscle and the axillary fascia, forms the axillary fossa
57
What is deltoid fascia?
Covers the deltoid muscle, continuous anteriorly with pectoral fascia and posterirly with infraspinous fascia
58
What is Supraspinous fascia?
Extremely dense fascia overlying the supraspinatus muscle
59
What is infraspinous fascia?
Extremely dense fascia overlying the infraspinatus muscle
60
What is brachial fascia?
It is continuous superiority with pectoral, deltoid, infraspinous, and axiallary fascia, continuous inferiorly with antebracial fascia, and covers the musculature of the brachium
61
What is the Medial Intermuscular Septum?
It extends from the deep surface of the brachial fascia to the humerus, distally to the medial supraepicondylar ridge, in conjunction with the lateral intermuscular septum separates the brachium into an anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartment
62
What is the Lateral Intermuscular Septum?
Extends from the deep surface of the brachial fascia to the humerus, distal to the lateral supraepicondylar ridge
63
What is Antebrachial fascia?
Continuous superiority with brachial fascia, utilizes the interosseous membrane to divide the ante brachium into an anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartment
64
What is the extensor retinaculum?
It is a transverse focal thickening of antebrachial fascia, holds the extensor tendons in position
65
What is the palmar carpal ligament?
It is a corresponding anterior transverse focal thickening of antebrachial fascia, continuous with the extensor retinaculum
66
What is the flexor retinaculum/Transverse carpal ligament?
It is deep and distal to the palmar carpal ligament, a fibrous band extending from the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium across the carpal arch to the hook of the hamate and pisiform forming the carpal tunnel
67
What is palmar fascia?
Continuous proximally with antebrachial fascia
68
What is the palmar aponeurosis? What is it made up of?
A thickened central region of palmar fascia, continuous proximally with the palmaris Longus tendon. Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament: base of aponeurosis Retinaculum Cutis: numerous small ligaments that extend from the aponeurosis to the skin, restricting palmar skin movement Medial Fibrous septum: separates the hypothecate compartment from the central compartment Lateral Fibrous septum: separates the the air compartment from the central compartment
69
What are fibrous digital sheaths?
Distal extensions from the palmar aponeurosis, fibrous tubes that enclose the synovial sheaths of the long flexor tendons, arranged into alternating annular and cruciform segments
70
What area the 5 compartments of the hand?
Hypothenar Central Thenar Adductor Interosseous

Gross Anatomy Lecture (Exam 1) (3 decks)

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