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Physiology > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classifications of joint movement?

A

Synarthrosis - immovable
Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable
Diarthrosis - freely movable

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2
Q

What three structures create articulation between two bones?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginonus, & Synovial

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3
Q

Name the three types of Fibrous structures

A
  1. Syndesmosis
  2. Suture
  3. Gomphosis
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4
Q

Which fibrous structure is classified as an amphiarthrosis? Name an example of this structure.

A

Syndesmosis - interosseous ligament

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5
Q

Which structure is between some bones of the skull?

A

Suture - short fibrous band forming a ‘sutural ligament’

Synarthrosis

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6
Q

Gomphosis is an articulation between…

A

tooth root & alveolus (bony socket)
short fibrous band, forms periodontal ligament

Synarthrosis

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7
Q

What is the composition of a Cartilaginous structure?

A

Hyaline cartilage & fibrocartilage

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8
Q

Which cartilaginous structure has amphiarthrosis movements?

A

Symphysis

Articular surface covered by thin layer of hyaline cartilage, attached to fibrocartilage pad

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9
Q

Which structure forms a plate of hyaline cartilage? What type of movement does this allow?

A

Synchondrosis - synarthrosis movement

e.g. 1st rib & sternum

Epiphyseal plate is a temporary synchondrosis

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10
Q

Name two examples of a symphysis joint

A

Pubic Symphysis (aids in childbirth)

Intervertebral Discs (adds height/weight to vertebral column)

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11
Q

Synovial joints exhibit what kind of movement?

A

Free movement - Diarthrosis

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the synovial joint capsule?

A

Fibrous layer/membrane

Synovial membrane

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13
Q

Which membrane is the thick, outer membrane comprised of dense CT and type I collagen? What is it contiguous with?

A

Fibrous membrane

Contiguous with the periosteum

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14
Q

What are the two layers of the synovial membrane?

A

Fibrous layer

Cellular layer

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15
Q

Which synovial membrane layer lies superficial to the fibrous membrane? What is contained within this layer?

A

Fibrous layer - contains fibroblasts which produce collagen

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16
Q

Which layer of the joint capsule can also be referred to as the “Capsular Ligament”?

A

Fibrous layer/membrane

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17
Q

Which synovial layer lies next to the synovial cavity? What is the general name for cells in this layer?

A

Cellular layer

Contains synoviocytes

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18
Q

What are the two types of synoviocytes in the cellular layer of the synovial membrane?

A

Macrophage-like cells - immediately next to synovial cavity; phagocytic

Fibroblast-like cells - next to fibrous layer of synovial membrane. Produce hyaluronic acid.

NOTE - these are not actual macrophage and fibroblast cells.

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19
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

Hyaluronic acid & blood plasma

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20
Q

What are the main functions of synovial fluid?

A

Lubrication, cushioning, protection, nutrition

Articular cartilage has no direct blood supply

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21
Q

What’s another name for a closed, synovial fluid-filled sac?

A

Bursa - “pillow” between bony surface and overlying soft tissue (skin/ligament/tendon)

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22
Q

Describe an articular disc/meniscus.

A

Fibrocartilage pad between articular surfaces which stabilizes & cushions

e.g. Temporomandibular joint

23
Q

What is another name for a triaxial joint?

A

Multiaxial or “universal”

24
Q

Which synovial joint exhibits multiaxial movement? Give both names

A

Ball-and-socket or Spheroidal

25
Q

Describe the articulation of a spheroidal joint

A

Globular surface of one bone articulates with cup-shaped surface of another bone

26
Q

What are the two biaxial synovial joints?

A

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal

Saddle/sellar

27
Q

Give an example of an ellipsoidal joint and describe its articulation

A

Convex oval-shaped surface —> concave elliptical surface

e.g. MP joint

28
Q

Which biaxial joint allows opposition?

A

Saddle/sellar

29
Q

What is the articulation of the saddle joint?

A

Each articulating surface has both concave and convex regions - surface of one bone fits complementary surface of another

30
Q

Which joint exhibits nearly flat articulations? What movement is present?

A

Gliding/arthrodial (also called planar/sliding)

Nonaxial!

31
Q

Give an example of a gliding joint

A

Z-joint (zygapophyseal joint)

32
Q

A ginglymoidal joint can also be referred to as a…

A

hinge joint

33
Q

A hinge joint exhibits what type of movement? What is the articulation?

A

Uniaxial! “open/close joint”

Convex cylindrical surface —> concave cylindrical surface

34
Q

Give two examples of a hinge joint

A

Knee

IP joint

35
Q

An example of this uniaxial joint is the proximal radioulnar joint…

A

Pivot/Trochoidal

Also seen between atlas/axis (glenooccipital joint)

36
Q

What is the articulation of a trochoidal joint?

A

Cylindrical pin rotates w/in ring formed of bone and ligament

37
Q

Angular joint movements happen in these two planes of the body:

A

Sagittal

Coronal

38
Q

Flexion and extension are examples of movement within which plane?

A

Sagittal

39
Q

What two movements are considered part of the coronal plane?

A

Abduction/Adduction

40
Q

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur at which joint?

A

Talo-crural (ankle) joint

41
Q

What is an example of circumduction?

A

Twiddling thumbs

movement in which distal end of segment moves in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

42
Q

Movement of a body part around its own long axis is which type of circular joint movement?

A

Rotation (pronation/supination)

43
Q

If you put the soles of your feet together, you’re performing what type of movement?

A

Inversion (sole is medial)

If the sole was lateral, it would be eversion

44
Q

What is the difference between a subluxation and a luxation?

A

Subluxation - partial dislocation
Luxation - tearing of synovial membrane resulting in a total dislocation

Symptoms: pain, swelling, loss of ROM, joint remodeling

45
Q

In elderly, what may occur instead of a dislocation?

A

Bone fracture

46
Q

In children, what may occur instead of a dislocation?

A

Rupture of an epiphyseal plate. This may cause premature ossification of the bone.

47
Q

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

A

Sprain - over-stretching/tearing of ligaments

Strain - damage to muscle tissue

48
Q

Which type of arthritis is more common in elderly patients? What areas would this typically affect?

A

Osteoarthritis (OA) - degenerative disease
Occurs in large, weight bearing joints aka Knees, Hips (unilaterally)
Can also occur in joints previously involved in acute trauma

49
Q

Which type of arthritis results in the production of abnormal secretions? Describe these two abnormal secretions.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Fibrous secretions - joint fusion
Granular secretions - destructs articular cargilage

50
Q

What is the most common demographic for an RA patient?

A

Middle aged female

51
Q

Which type of arthritis is genetic and autoimmune?

A

RA

52
Q

Does RA occur bilaterally? What’s usually affected?

A

Usually bilateral

Affects hands/feet

53
Q

Which type of arthritis is associated with development of accessory bone at periphery of joint surfaces?

A

Osteoarthritis

Physiology (2 decks)

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