Arteriosclerosis Flashcards
Define arteriosclerosis.
Thickening + loss of elasticity of arterial walls
Define medial calcification.
Dystrophic calcification in the wall of muscular arteries.
Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis, detail the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Endothelial damage of muscular/elastic arteries.
Lipoprotein enters and is oxidized.
Foam cells are formed + smooth muscle cells migrate to tunica intima.
Fibrous plaque is formed.
What are risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?
HTN, diabetes, cigarette smoking, high LDL, male, advanced age
What are the components of a fibrous plaque?
Smooth muscle cells, foam cells, inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix
List the most common sites for atherosclerotic plaque formation .
Abdominal aorta, coronary artery, popliteal artery, internal carotid artery
What are complications of atherosclerosis?
Aneurysms, thrombosis/infarction, HTN (renal artery), cerebral atrophy, PAD
What is they key symptom of PAD?
Claudication- pain, weakness, numbness, or cramping in muscles due to decreased arterial blood flow
What can precipitate claudication and what can relieve claudication?
Precipitated by walking, relieved by cessation of walking
Aside from claudication, list other signs/symptoms of PAD?
Dependent rubor, cool skin, poor healing, decreased hair growth, decreased pedal pulses, bruits
What are the 5 Ps of acute peripheral artery vessel occlusion?
Pain, pallor, parasthesias, paralysis, pulselessness
How do you diagnose PAD?
Resting ankle-brachial index
Angiography
Duplex US
Define arteriolosclerosis.
Hardening of arterioles
What are the 2 types of arteriolosclerosis?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
Detail the pathogenesis of hyaline arteriolosclerosis.
Increased protein is deposited in the vessel wall, occluding lumen
