Arterial Ulcers Flashcards
What are arterial ulcers?
Arterial ulcers, also known as ischemic ulcers, are chronic wounds caused by insufficient blood supply, typically due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). They are often painful and difficult to heal.
What is the pathophysiology of arterial ulcers?
Arterial ulcers result from reduced arterial blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis, primarily caused by atherosclerosis.
What are the risk factors for arterial ulcers?
Risk factors include those for cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, embolism, and trauma.
Where are arterial ulcers typically found?
Arterial ulcers are typically found on the lower extremities, particularly over bony prominences such as the lateral malleolus, toes, and anterior tibial area.
What are the key clinical features of arterial ulcers?
Key features include small, round ulcers with well-defined edges, pain (especially at night), shiny and thin surrounding skin, diminished peripheral pulses, and cool temperature of the affected limb.
How is the diagnosis of arterial ulcers made?
Diagnosis involves physical examination, assessment of peripheral pulses, Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI), Doppler Ultrasound, imaging studies, and blood tests.
What does an ABPI of less than 0.9 indicate?
An ABPI of less than 0.9 is indicative of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
What are the management strategies for arterial ulcers?
Management includes risk factor modification, optimisation of blood flow, wound care, and monitoring for complications.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for risk factor modification?
Recommended changes include smoking cessation, dietary modifications, and regular exercise.
What surgical procedures may be necessary to restore blood flow?
Surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary.
What types of medications are used in the management of arterial ulcers?
Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) and statins are commonly used.
What is the purpose of debridement in wound care?
Debridement involves the removal of necrotic tissue to promote healing.
What types of dressings are used for arterial ulcers?
Appropriate dressings include hydrocolloid, alginate, or foam dressings to maintain a moist wound environment.
What should be monitored for in patients with arterial ulcers?
Monitoring for complications, including osteomyelitis, is essential.
