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Vascular > Arterial Testing > Flashcards

Arterial Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Name three signs/symptoms for chronic occlusive disease

A

Claudication
Ischemic rest pain
Tissue loss

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2
Q

This type of pain occurs during exercise or activity due to inadequate blood supply to the muscles

A

Claudication

*the level of the disease is usually proximal to the location of the symptoms, EX: pain in thigh, check prox.

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3
Q

With acute arterial occlusion, the symptoms include the “6 P’s”, what are they?

A

Pain, Pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, polar

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4
Q

Name three possible causes of acute arterial occlusion

A

Thrombus
Emboli
Trauma

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5
Q

This vasospastic disorder involves intermittent digital ischemia due to COLD exposure or emotional STRESS

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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6
Q

Name three possible skin color changes with vasospastic disorders

A

Pallor
Cyanosis
Rubor

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7
Q

Does the following information describe primary or secondary Raynauds
Ischemia due to digital arterial SPASM
Common in YOUNG WOMEN
BENIGN condition
Possible HEREDITARY, as well as BILATERAL

A

PRIMARY Raynauds

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8
Q

Does the following information describe Primary or Secondary Raynauds
Also called OBSTRUCTIVE Raynauds
FIXED artery obstruction with ischemia CONSTANTLY present
May be the first manifestation of BUERGERS disease (inflammatory process)

A

Secondary Raynauds (less common than primary)

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9
Q

This skin color change is a result of deficient blood supply

A

Pallor (skin pale)

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10
Q

This type of skin change is due to a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, bluish discoloration

A

Cyanosis

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11
Q

This type of skin discoloration suggests dilated vessels, secondary dilation may be reactive hyperemia, skin is red

A

Rubor

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12
Q

An increase in capillary refill time denotes a ______ arterial perfusion

A

Decrease

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13
Q

What is considered the normal capillary refill time

A

Less than 3 sec.

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14
Q

Cadaver if pallor during elevation with ruborous red discoloration with dependency describes what?

A

Dependent rubor

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15
Q

During a arterial physical exam, what is the standard grading scale

A

0(none) to 4+ (bounding)

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16
Q

T/F

Aneurysms can be palpated and described as bounding

A

TRUE

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17
Q

A palpable “thrill” over a pulse site may be caused from these three things

A

Fistula
Patients dialysis access site
Post stenotic turbulence

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18
Q

What artery is NOT palpable

A

The peroneal

Arteries that are: aorta, femoral, popliteal, DPA, PTA

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19
Q

Atherosclerosis mainly occurs at a younger or older age

A

Younger

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20
Q

With atherosclerosis, medial calcification develops in ____ extremity arteries, this is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events such as death from heart disease

A

Lower extremity arteries

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21
Q

What is neuropathy

A

Poor sensation

22
Q

Atherosclerosis is related to many diseases/lifestyles, name some

A

MOST COMMON: Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, family history

LESS COMMON: hypertension, diabetes, arterial wall stress

23
Q

This is the most common arterial pathology and is described with the THICKENING, HARDENING, and LOSS OF ELASTICITY of the arterial walls

A

Atherosclerosis (obliterans)

24
Q

What layers of the arterial wall are effected by atherosclerosis

A

Intima and media layers

25
Q

What are the most common sites for atherosclerosis (4)

A

Carotid bifurcation
Aorta-iliac system
CFA bifurcation
SFA distal (adductor/hunter canal)

26
Q

This is a type of atherosclerosis that is caused by the obstruction of the aorta, and more common in males

A

Leriche Syndrome

27
Q

The leriche syndrome is charectorized by

A

Fatigue in hips, thighs, calves with exercise
Absent femoral pulse
Impotence
Pallor and coldness of lower extremities

28
Q

Obstruction of a vessel by foreign substance or blood clot

A

Embolism

29
Q

T/F

An emboli may be solid, liquid, or gaseous

A

TRUE

30
Q

What is a frequent cause of an embolism

A

When small plaque breaks loose (atherosclerotic lesion, arteritis, or angiographic procedure) and travels DISTALLY until it lodges in small vessel

31
Q

If we see “blue toe syndrome (trash foot)” what should we think of

A

Embolism

*mainly from collateralized branches

32
Q

a dilation of ALL THREE arterial wall layers

A

TRUE aneurysm

33
Q

What type of aneurysm is a diffuse, circumferential dilation

A

Fusiform

34
Q

A localized “sac-like” aneurysm is called?

A

Saccular

35
Q

What type of aneurysm is defined as a small tear of the inner wall allows blood to form cavity between two wall layers

A

Dissecting aneurysm

36
Q

What is a common area for a dissecting aneurysm

A

Thoracic aorta

37
Q

This is a result from a defect in the main artery wall (post catheter insertion), and must have a communication from main artery to PULSATILE structure outside vessel walls

A

Pseudoaneurysm

38
Q

What is the most common location of a TRUE aneurysm

A

Infrarenal(below level of renal artery)

Other locations include thoracic aorta, femoral, popliteal, renal artery

39
Q

What is the number one concern of a AAA

A

A rupture

40
Q

What is the number one concern with peripheral aneurysm

A

an embolism

41
Q

What arteries are primarily effected by arteritis?

A

Tibial, peroneal, or the smaller more distal arterioles

42
Q

Inflammation of the arterial wall can lead to…

A

Thrombosis

43
Q

This type of ARTERITIS can also be known as thromboangiitis obliterans

A

Buerger’s disease

44
Q

Arteritis mainly occurs in heavy smokers of this gender and younger that this age

A

men who are less than 40

45
Q

This “non-atherosclerotic” disease presents with occlusions of the distal arteries, resting pain, and ischemic ulceration.

A

Arteritis

46
Q

What are two clinical findings associated with coarctation of the aorta
*hint: one dealing with kidneys, one dealing with Lower extremities

A

HYPERTENSION due to decreased kidney perfusion

Lower extremity ISCHEMIA (reduced pulses)

47
Q

This arterial congenital anomaly mainly effects the thoracic aorta, but may affect abdominal aorta as well

A

Coarctation of the aorta

48
Q

A _________ happens when damage to the vessel causes the arterial lumen to divide into two compartments. Affects aorta and peripheral arteries

A

Dissection

49
Q

With a dissection, the _____ develops a tear through which blood leaks into the media (aka the _____ _____)

A

Intima, the media aka the FALSE LUMEN

50
Q

T/F

In a dissection, the velocities MUST be different in each lumen

A

TRUE

Vascular (15 decks)

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