Arterial Testing Flashcards
Name three signs/symptoms for chronic occlusive disease
Claudication
Ischemic rest pain
Tissue loss
This type of pain occurs during exercise or activity due to inadequate blood supply to the muscles
Claudication
*the level of the disease is usually proximal to the location of the symptoms, EX: pain in thigh, check prox.
With acute arterial occlusion, the symptoms include the “6 P’s”, what are they?
Pain, Pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, polar
Name three possible causes of acute arterial occlusion
Thrombus
Emboli
Trauma
This vasospastic disorder involves intermittent digital ischemia due to COLD exposure or emotional STRESS
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Name three possible skin color changes with vasospastic disorders
Pallor
Cyanosis
Rubor
Does the following information describe primary or secondary Raynauds
Ischemia due to digital arterial SPASM
Common in YOUNG WOMEN
BENIGN condition
Possible HEREDITARY, as well as BILATERAL
PRIMARY Raynauds
Does the following information describe Primary or Secondary Raynauds
Also called OBSTRUCTIVE Raynauds
FIXED artery obstruction with ischemia CONSTANTLY present
May be the first manifestation of BUERGERS disease (inflammatory process)
Secondary Raynauds (less common than primary)
This skin color change is a result of deficient blood supply
Pallor (skin pale)
This type of skin change is due to a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, bluish discoloration
Cyanosis
This type of skin discoloration suggests dilated vessels, secondary dilation may be reactive hyperemia, skin is red
Rubor
An increase in capillary refill time denotes a ______ arterial perfusion
Decrease
What is considered the normal capillary refill time
Less than 3 sec.
Cadaver if pallor during elevation with ruborous red discoloration with dependency describes what?
Dependent rubor
During a arterial physical exam, what is the standard grading scale
0(none) to 4+ (bounding)
T/F
Aneurysms can be palpated and described as bounding
TRUE
A palpable “thrill” over a pulse site may be caused from these three things
Fistula
Patients dialysis access site
Post stenotic turbulence
What artery is NOT palpable
The peroneal
Arteries that are: aorta, femoral, popliteal, DPA, PTA
Atherosclerosis mainly occurs at a younger or older age
Younger
With atherosclerosis, medial calcification develops in ____ extremity arteries, this is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events such as death from heart disease
Lower extremity arteries
What is neuropathy
Poor sensation
Atherosclerosis is related to many diseases/lifestyles, name some
MOST COMMON: Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, family history
LESS COMMON: hypertension, diabetes, arterial wall stress
This is the most common arterial pathology and is described with the THICKENING, HARDENING, and LOSS OF ELASTICITY of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis (obliterans)
What layers of the arterial wall are effected by atherosclerosis
Intima and media layers
What are the most common sites for atherosclerosis (4)
Carotid bifurcation
Aorta-iliac system
CFA bifurcation
SFA distal (adductor/hunter canal)
This is a type of atherosclerosis that is caused by the obstruction of the aorta, and more common in males
Leriche Syndrome
The leriche syndrome is charectorized by
Fatigue in hips, thighs, calves with exercise
Absent femoral pulse
Impotence
Pallor and coldness of lower extremities
Obstruction of a vessel by foreign substance or blood clot
Embolism
T/F
An emboli may be solid, liquid, or gaseous
TRUE
What is a frequent cause of an embolism
When small plaque breaks loose (atherosclerotic lesion, arteritis, or angiographic procedure) and travels DISTALLY until it lodges in small vessel
If we see “blue toe syndrome (trash foot)” what should we think of
Embolism
*mainly from collateralized branches
a dilation of ALL THREE arterial wall layers
TRUE aneurysm
What type of aneurysm is a diffuse, circumferential dilation
Fusiform
A localized “sac-like” aneurysm is called?
Saccular
What type of aneurysm is defined as a small tear of the inner wall allows blood to form cavity between two wall layers
Dissecting aneurysm
What is a common area for a dissecting aneurysm
Thoracic aorta
This is a result from a defect in the main artery wall (post catheter insertion), and must have a communication from main artery to PULSATILE structure outside vessel walls
Pseudoaneurysm
What is the most common location of a TRUE aneurysm
Infrarenal(below level of renal artery)
Other locations include thoracic aorta, femoral, popliteal, renal artery
What is the number one concern of a AAA
A rupture
What is the number one concern with peripheral aneurysm
an embolism
What arteries are primarily effected by arteritis?
Tibial, peroneal, or the smaller more distal arterioles
Inflammation of the arterial wall can lead to…
Thrombosis
This type of ARTERITIS can also be known as thromboangiitis obliterans
Buerger’s disease
Arteritis mainly occurs in heavy smokers of this gender and younger that this age
men who are less than 40
This “non-atherosclerotic” disease presents with occlusions of the distal arteries, resting pain, and ischemic ulceration.
Arteritis
What are two clinical findings associated with coarctation of the aorta
*hint: one dealing with kidneys, one dealing with Lower extremities
HYPERTENSION due to decreased kidney perfusion
Lower extremity ISCHEMIA (reduced pulses)
This arterial congenital anomaly mainly effects the thoracic aorta, but may affect abdominal aorta as well
Coarctation of the aorta
A _________ happens when damage to the vessel causes the arterial lumen to divide into two compartments. Affects aorta and peripheral arteries
Dissection
With a dissection, the _____ develops a tear through which blood leaks into the media (aka the _____ _____)
Intima, the media aka the FALSE LUMEN
T/F
In a dissection, the velocities MUST be different in each lumen
TRUE
