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Vascular Board > Arterial System Anatomy > Flashcards

Arterial System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

-transport gases, nutrients, and other essential substances to capillaries
-progressively decrease in size from the aorta to the arterioles

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2
Q

Arterioles

A

-considered resistance vessels
-assist with regulating with blood flow through contraction and relaxation

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

-nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the tissue and blood

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3
Q

Venules

A

-collect blood from the capillary beds
-assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation

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4
Q

Vein

A

-collect blood from the venules and return it to the heart
-get progressively larger from the venules to the heart

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5
Q

What is the microscopic anatomy of the vessel walls? (Layers)

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia/externa

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6
Q

Tunica intima

A

innermost layer, consisting of smooth endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina
-subendothelial space is the site of proliferative activity: atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Tunica media

A

middle layer, thickest layer, composed of smooth muscle cells intermingled with elastic fibers

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8
Q

Tunica adventitia/externa

A

the outer layer, thinner than the tunica media, contains fibrous connective tissue, some muscle fibers
-contains nerve fibers and lymphatics which remove metabolic waste and nourish the vessel
-also contains the VASA VASORUM-(“blood supply within the blood supply”)- a network of small vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, wall

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9
Q

Parts of the aorta

A

-ascending aorta
-aortic arch
-descending thoracic aorta
-abdominal aorta

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10
Q

Ascending aorta

A

from the aortic valve to the first branch

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11
Q

Aortic arch

A

3 main branches (brachiocephalic trunk/innominate artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery)

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12
Q

Descending thoracic aorta

A

-generally not evaluated w/ vascular ultrasound - cannot insonate

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13
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

-begins at the diaphragm
-terminates at the aortic bifurcation into the iliac arteries

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14
Q

Branches of the aortic arch

A

-Brachiocephalic trunk (Inominate) Artery - first and largest branch (directly off the aortic arch), bifurcates into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
-Left common carotid artery- 2nd branch directly off the aortic arch
-Left subclavian artery - 3rd branch directly off the aortic arch

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15
Q

Upper extremity arteries

A

-Subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar, deep plamar (volar) arch, superficial palmar (volar) arteries

16
Q

Subclavian artery

A

terminates in the axillary artery at the border of the first rib

17
Q

Axillary artery

A

-passes behind the clavicle
-terminates into the brachial artery at the axilla

18
Q

Brachial artery

A

-begins at the axilla as the continuation of the axillary artery
-travels through the medial upper arm to the elbow/antecubital fossa
-main blood supply to the arm, forearm, and hand
-divides into the radial and ulnar arteries (usually near the elbow but the bifurcation location varies)

19
Q

Radial artery

A

-travels down LATERAL side of the forearm into the hand
-terminal branch - deep palmar arch

20
Q

Ulnar artery

A

-begins at the brachial artery and travels down MEDIAL side of forearm into hand
-terminal branch - superficial palmar arch

21
Q

Deep palmar (volar) arch

A

-Source - radial artery w/ contribution from the ulnar artery
-courses along the palm of the hand

22
Q

Superficial palmar (volar) arch

A

Source - ulnar artery w/ contribution from the radial artery
-courses along the back of the hand

23
Q

Palmar arch

A

-not always complete

24
Q

Visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

A

-celiac artery (left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery)
-superior mesenteric artery
-renal arteries
-inferior mesenteric artery

25
Q

Celiac artery

A

-visceral branch of aorta
-supplies STOMACH, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen
-divides into LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY (supplies stomach and esophagus), COMMON HEPATIC Artery (supplies liver), and SPLENIC artery (supplies spleen)

26
Q

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

A

-visceral branch of aorta
- located ~ 1 cm distal to the celiac artery
- supplies the small intestine, cecum, parts of the colon
-SMA and CELIAC may have a COMMON TRUNK

27
Q

Renal arteries

A

-visceral branch of aorta
-origin just below SMA
-w/ aorta in transverse, left renal vein is a “landmark” for identifying renal arteries
-supply blood to the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters
-right longer than left; passes behind the IVC
-multiple renal arteries are common

28
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

-visceral branch of aorta
-arises from the abdominal aorta ~ 2-4 cm above the abdominal aorta bifurcation
-supplies transverse and descending colon, part of the rectum
-potential collateral pathway

29
Q

What are two potential collateral connections between the SMA and SMV?

A

-Marginal artery of the colon (Marginal artery of Drummond)
-Arc of Riolan

30
Q

Common iliac arteries (CIA)

A

-supply the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
-divides into the internal iliac arteries and external iliac arteries

31
Q

Internal iliac artery (IIA) (hypogastric artery)

A

supplies the pelvis and inner thigh

32
Q

External iliac artery (EIA)

A

-supplies the leg
-terminates into the common femoral artery (CFA) at the inguinal ligament
-Landmark - Psoas Major Muscle

33
Q

Lower extremity arteries

A

-Common femoral, superficial femoral, deep femoral (profunda femoris), politeal, anterior tibial, tibial/peroneal trunk, posterior tibial, peroneal, and plantar arch/ digital arteries

34
Q

Common femoral artery (CFA)

A

-becomes the CCFA at the inguinal ligament
-the inguinal ligament is superior to the inguinal (groin) crease

35
Q

Superficial femoral artery (SFA)

A

-courses the length of the medial thigh
-terminates in the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery

36
Q

Deep femoral artery (profunda femoris) DFA

A

-more lateral and posterior as compared to the SFA
-supplies thigh
-collateral pathway via connections to the popliteal artery (genicular branches)

37
Q

Popliteal artery (Pop A)

A

-continuation of the SFA as it passes through the adductor hiatus (hunter’s canal) where there is an opening in the adductor magnus muscle
-Many genicular branches (connect w/ the profunda branches)- this is why many SFA occlusions reconstitute in the distal thigh
-terminal branches anterior tibial and tibial/peroneal trunk

38
Q

Anterior tibial artery (ATA)

A

-first branch of the distal popliteal artery
-passes through the interosseous membrane to the anterior lateral aspect (front) of the leg where it lies close to the inner side of the fistula
-the distal segment is on the surface of the interosseous membrane near the tibia
-as it crosses the ankle, the ATA becomes the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA)

Vascular Board (1 decks)

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