Arterial supply and Venous drainage Flashcards
Abdominal aorta
- begins at the aortic hiatus
- anterior to the lower border of vertebrae TXII
- descends through the abdomen slightly to the left of the midline
- terminal branches of the aorta are the two common iliac arteries
Branches;
Anterior
- celiac trunk
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
Division of the primitive gut
Foregut
- begins with the abdominal esophagus
- ends just inferior to the major duodenal papilla
- includes;
- abdominal esophagus
- stomach
- duodenum
- liver
- pancreas
- gallblader
- it is supplied by the celiac trunk
Midgut
- begins just inferior to the major duodenal papilla, in the descending part of the duodenum
- ends at the junction between the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon
- includes;
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum
- appendix
- ascending colon
- two thirds of the transverse colon
- supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut;
- begins just before the colic flexure
- ends midway through the anal canal
- includes;
- the left one thrid of the transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- upper part of the anal canal
- supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
Celiac trunk
- suplies the forgut
- arises from the abdominal aorta immediatly bellow the aortic hiatus
- at the anterior part of the LI vertebrae
- divides into;
- left gastric
- splenic
- common hepatic arteries
Left gastric artery
- smallest branch of the celiac trunk
- ascends to the cardioesophageal junctions and sends esophageal branches upwards to the abdominal part of the esophagus
- some of those branches continue through the esophangeal hiatus of the diaphgram and anastomose with esophangeal branches from the thoracic aorta
- left gastric artery turns to the right and descends to the lesser curvature of the stomach in the lesser omentum
- it anastomoses with the right gastric artery
Splenic artery
- largest branch of the celiac trunk
- travels in the splenorenal ligament and divides into numerous branches which enter the hillium of the spleen
- as it passes along the superior border of the pancreas it gives off numerous small branches to supply the neck, body and tail of the pancreas
- approching the spleen it gives off
- short gastric arteries; whoch pass through the gastrosplenic ligament to supply the fundus of the stomach
- left gastro-omental artery; which runs to the right along the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with the right gastro-omental artery
Common Hepatic Artery
- medium sized branch
- divides into its terminal branches;
- hepatic artery proper
- gastroduodenal artery
Hepatic artery proper
- ascends towards the liver
- runs to the left of the bile duct and anterior to the portal vein
- divides into the right and left hepatic arteries
the right hepatic artery near the liver gives off the cystic artery to the gallbadder
Gastroduodenal artery
- it might give off the supraduodenal artery and then the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery to supply the upper body of the superior part of the duodenum
- after these branches is descends untill it reaches the lower border of the superior part of the duodenum where it divides into its terminal branches
- right gastro-omental artery ( passes along the greater curvature of the stomach enentually anastomosing with the left gastro omental artery)
- anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery ( supplies the head of the pancreas and the duodenum, these vessels eventually anastomose with the anterior and posterior branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery)
Superior mesenteric Artery
- anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
- supplies the midgut
- anterior to the lower part of L1
Branches;
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- on its left
- jejunal arteries
- ileal arteries
- on its right
- middle colic
- right colic
- ileocolic artery
Inferior pancreoduodenal artery
- first branch of the superior mesenteric artery
- divides into anterior and posterior branches which assend on the corresponding sides of the head of the pancreas
- they anasotmose with the anterior and posterior branches of the superior pancreoduodenal artery ( from the common hepatic artery)
Jejunal and ileal arteries
- they are distal to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- on the left side
- there is a large number of jejunal and ileal arteries supplying the jejnum and most of the ileum
- these branches leave the trunk and pass between the two layers of the mesentery and form anastomosing arches or arcades as they pass outward to supply the small intestine
- number of artetial arcades increase distally along the gut
- the last from the terminal arcade are the VASA RECTA (straight arteries) which provide the final direct supply to the walls of the small intestine
- they are usually short and far apart forming low broad windows
Middle colic artery
- first of the three branches from the right side of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery
- it enters the transverse mesocolon and divides into right and left branches
- right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery
- left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery ( which is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artey)
Right colic artery
- second of the three branches
- from the right site of the main truck of the superior mesenteric arteries
- passes to the right in a retroperitoneal position to supply the ascending colon
- divides into
- descending branch; which anastomoses with the ileocolic artery
- ascending branch; which anastomoses with the middle colic artery
Ileocolic Artery
- final branch arising from the right side of the superior mesenteric vein
- passes down and to the right towards the right iliac fossa where it divides into superior and inferior branches;
- superior; passes upwards to the ascending colon and anastomoses with the right colic artery
- inferior branch; continues toward the ileocolic jucntion dividing into colic, cecal, appendicular and ileal branches
Colic branch–> first part of the ascending colon
Anterior and posterior cecal branches supply the corresponding sides of the cecum
appendicular branch–> supplies the mesoappendix and the appendix
ileal branch–> supplies the final part of the ileum before anastomosing with the superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artey
- it is the anterior branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies the hindgut
- it is the smallest of the three anterior branches
- and arises anterior to the to the body of vertebrae LIII
- branches;
- left colic artery
- several sigmoid arteries
- superior rectal artery
Left colic artery
- first branch of the inferior mesenteric artery
- ascending and descending branches
Ascending;
- supplies the upper part of the descending colon and distal part of the transverse colon
- it anastomoses with branches of the middle colic artery
Descending;
- supplies the lower part of the descending colon
- anastomoses with the first sigmoid arteries
Sigmoid Arteries
- consist of two to four branches which descend to the left, in the sigmoid mesocolon
- they supply the lowest part of the descending colon and the sigmoid colon
- they anastomose;
- superiorly–> with branches from colic artery
- inferiorly–> with branches from the superior rectal arltery