arterial regulation

Question 1

on a basic level, arterial pressure is regulated by __________ and _________

Answer 1

cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

Question 2

baroreceptors are ______ that are located in the walls of carotid sinus and aortic ____ and transduce pressure to nervous __________ that are transmitted to the CNS

Answer 2

mechanoreceptors
arch
action potentials

Question 3

baroreceptors are sensitive to the rate of pressure ______ and changes in ______

Answer 3

change

pressure

Question 4

nerve impulses from baroreceptor stimulation are carried via cranial ____ and ____ to the medulla and ____

Answer 4

IX and X

medulla and pons

Question 5

chemoreceptors in the _____ react to 02, c02, and ____ in blood and _____ to modify autonomic outflow

Answer 5

CNS
pH
CSF

Question 6

the slower component of blood pressure control regulates ______________, which affects arterial pressure (hours to days)

Answer 6

blood volume

Question 7

the faster component (not as fast as autonomics) is mediated through _______ induced vasoconstriction

Answer 7

hormone

Question 8

decrease in arterial pressure causes a decrease in ______________ in the kidneys. Mechanoreceptors in ________ arterioles of kidney sense the decrease in arterial pressure, and __________ cells convert _______ to rennin

Answer 8

renal profusion
afferent
juxtaglomerular
prorennin

Question 9

angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____ primarily in the ______ and the kidney

Answer 9

ACE

lungs

Question 10

angiotensin II acts on the ________ to stimulate the release of ________

Answer 10

adrenal cortex

aldosterone

Question 11

aldosterone acts on distal renal tubule cells to promote _______ absorption of ______, increasing blood volume

Answer 11

increased absorption of NA

Question 12

angiotensin II also acts as a direct ___________, increasing blood pressure and ______

Answer 12

vasoconstrictor

TPR

Question 13

angiotensin II preferentailly constricts _______ arterioles

Answer 13

efferent

Question 14

angiotensin II stimulates Na - ____ exchange in renal proximal tubule, increasing Na/HC03 reabsoroption

Answer 14

H+

Question 15

volume overload is an example of maladaptive responses of the _________

Answer 15

RAAS

Question 16

in volume overload: in systolic heart failure with low cardiac output, the kidneys sense decreased blood flow, which activates the _______. This causes an ____ in BP and increased _____, which aggravates the heart failure

Answer 16

RAAS
increase
total peripheral resistance

Question 17

in cirrhosis of the liver with low serum albumin, inappropriate ________ secretion contributes to the development of _______

Answer 17

aldosterone

ascites

Question 18

ADH is secreted from the ________ and promotes renal water reabsorption _____ receptors

Answer 18

pituitary

V1

Question 19

secretion of ________ results in stimulation of ______ receptors in arterial smooth muscle, which cause vasoconstriction of arterioles

Answer 19

ADH

V2

Question 20

ANP _____ renal Na RE-absorption. Also mediates vasodilation of afferent renal arterioles, ______ of efferent arterioles, which ______ GF

Answer 20

inhibit

constriction, which increases glomerular filtration

Question 21

baroreceptor stimulation to increase BP will constrict arterioles and veins, increase _________ of the heart, and increase _______

Answer 21

contractility

SA node

Question 22

orthostatic hypotension may indicate ______ volume and autonomic function

Answer 22

blood

Question 23

too much hydrogen will cause an increase in _________ _________

Answer 23

minute ventilation

Question 24

an aldosterone secreting adrenal tumor may cause ________ and hypertension

Answer 24

hypokalemia

Question 25

vasopressin will cause ______ which will cause in increase in _____, and also an increase in renal fluid _________ and therefore increased ________

Answer 25

vasoconstriction
arterial pressure
reabsorption
blood volume

Question 26

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH release) will cause an abnormality in which electrolyte?

Answer 26

Na will be very low (so much water dilutes normal amount of Na)

Question 27

ADH is inhibited by ______, atropine

Answer 27

alcohol

Question 28

ANP inhibits ________ reabsorption and _______secretion to decrease blood volume and BP

Answer 28

sodium

aldosterone