arterial Flashcards
is used to collect blood specimen for
atrial blood gas analysis (ABG) to manage
cardiopulmonary disorders and maintain the acid-base
balance of the body.
Arterial puncture
It is the ideal specimen for respiratory function
evaluation due to the consistency of its composition
and high oxygen content.
Arterial puncture
it is more technically challenging and hazardous than
venipuncture therefore the phlebotomist should have a
thorough understanding of the procedure to minimize
pain and maintain accuracy of the results.
Arterial puncture
Arterial puncture is the ideal specimen for respiratory function evaluation due to the
consistency of its composition
and high oxygen content
The Arterial Blood Gas testing provides information about:
- Oxygenation
- Ventilation
- Acid-base balance
Arterial puncture is used to collect blood specimen for
atrial blood gas analysis (ABG)
Arterial puncture is used to collect blood specimen for
atrial blood gas analysis (ABG) to manage
cardiopulmonary disorders and maintain the acid-base
balance of the body
It is the ideal specimen for respiratory function
evaluation due to the consistency of its composition
and high oxygen content.
ARTERIAL PUNCTURE
It is the ideal specimen for respiratory function
evaluation due to the
consistency of its composition
and high oxygen content
It is more technically challenging and hazardous than
venipuncture therefore the phlebotomist should have a
thorough understanding of the procedure to minimize
pain and maintain accuracy of the results.
ARTERIAL PUNCTURE
a measure of acidity or alkalinity of blood (acidosis or alkalosis)
pH
normal range of pH
7.35-7.45
partial pressure of O2 dissolved in arterial blood
PaO2
normal range of PaO2
80-100 mm Hg
partial pressure of CO2 dissolved in arterial blood
PaCO2
normal range of PaCO2
35-45 mm Hg
a measure of bicarbonate in blood
HCO2
normal range of HCO2
22-26 mEq/L
Percent O2 bound to hemoglobin
O2 sat
normal range of O2 sat
97%-100%
a calculation of non respiratory part of acid base balance
base excess
normal range of base excess
-2-+2 mEq/L
Who should collect an Arterial Specimen?
Nurses
Medical Technologists and Technicians
Respiratory Therapists
Emergency Medical Technicians
Level II Phlebotomists
Health workers who collect arterial specimens should have
extensive skills
and knowledge on the performance of the procedure, and should undergo
periodic evaluation.
(most commonly used site located in
the thumb site of the wrist)
RADIAL ARTERY
• Good collateral circulation
• Easy to palpate
• Less chance of hematoma
formation after collection
RADIAL ARTERY
Disadvantage
• Necessitates considerable skill to
puncture because it is small in size
• Difficult to locate in patients with
hypovolemia or low cardiac output
• Arteries of the arm and hand
RADIAL ARTERY
(located in the medial anterior of the
antecubital fossa)
BRACHIAL ARTERY
• Relatively easy to puncture and
palpate due to size
• Sometimes the preferred artery
for a large volume of blood
• Adequate collateral circulation
BRACHIAL ARTERY
• Deeper and can be harder to palpate
than radial artery
• Lies close to basilic vain; risk of
mistakenly puncturing it
• Lies close to the median nerve; risk of
pain and nerve damage
• Increased risk of hematoma formation
BRACHIAL ARTERY
(located in the groin lateral to the
pubic bone)
FEMORAL ARTERY
• Large, easily palpated and
punctured
• Sometimes the only site where
arterial sampling is possible
• Poor collateral circulation
• Lies close to the femoral vein
• Increased risk of infection because of
location and pubic hair
• Risk of dislodging plaque build-up from
inner artery walls
• Requires extended monitoring for
hematoma formation
FEMORAL ARTERY
ABG REQUISITION would be preferable if it indicates the following:
Current body temperature
Respiratory rate
Ventilation status
Fraction on inspired oxygen
Prescribed flow rate in liters per minute
EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR ARTERIAL PUNCTURE:
• Antiseptic
• Local anesthetic to numb the site (optional)
• Shart, short-bevel hypodermic needle
• 1-5 mL self-filling syringe
• Bubble removal cap to cover the end of the needle after needle removal
• Coolant
• 2x2 inch gauze squares to hold pressure
• Self-adhering gauze bandage to wrap the site
• Identification and labeling materials
• Puncture-resistant sharps container for proper disposal
Involuntary contraction of the artery
ARTERIOSPASM
Results from repeated punctures on the same site
ARTERY DAMAGE
Can be avoided by using local anesthesia as ordered by the physician
DISCOMFORT
Observe proper preparation in the pre-analytical phase
INFECTION
Avoid multiple puncture on a single site
HEMATOMA
Should be addressed and reported immediately to the nurse or physician
NUMBNESS
Must be reported to the nurse or physician immediately
THROMBUS FORMATION
VASOVAGAL RESPONSE
Remove the needle, activate the safety device, maintain pressure over the site, and follow the syncope procedure
