Art Movements Flashcards
It is considered a neoclassic movement of France when Napoleon Bonaparte reign (1804-1815); the period style was mostly regulated in furniture and interior design but was also beginning to make its way to architecture
Empire Period
What are the most notable structure like during the Empire period?
Massive monuments are based on Roman Imperial precedents
In 1806, this arc was commission to celebrate the early victories of his empire and to honor his troops. It is also a remnant of their victories.
Arc de Triomphe
What are the dimensions of Arc de Triomphe?
164 ft tall, 148 ft long, 72 inches wide
It is the smaller version of Arc de Triomphe; it was able to finish during Napoleon’s time; it is also to honor Napoleon’s troops
Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
This structure originally held a bronze statue of Napoleon as a Roman Emperor; this column is covered entirely of bronze of Napoleon’s victory in Austerlitz
Vendome Column
It is constructed in 1804, the monument is surrounded by corinthian columns with a dominant relief-filled pediment
La Madeleine
This period is both a movement and school(in Germany); it is very modern; it is also a universal design
Bauhaus
He is the architect and director of Bauhaus; he wanted something to have meaning; he had an asymmetrical approach
Walter Gropius
It is a movement originated in 1920s-1930s; it is “style moderne”; vertical
Art Deco
Where was Art Deco derived from?
Exposition Internationale de Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Paris
What are the materials used during art deco? (9)
Baskelite, vita-glass, ferro concrete, jade, silver, ivory, obsidian, chrome and rock crystal
What are the influences of Art Deco?
Nouveau, Bauhaus, Cubism, Egyptian, and early classical sources
What are the characteristic motifs of Art Deco?
Nude female figures, animals, foliage and sun rays all in conditionalizes forms
Who was the architect who received a commission for Chrysler Building?
Wiliam Van Alen
A style of decoration and architectural detail popular in the 1890s featuring sinuous, floral motifs
Art Nouveau
What are the general characteristics of Art Nouveau? (8)
Asymmetrical Extensive use of arches and curves Curved glass Swirling tendrils, botanical-like embellishment Mosaic Stained glass Japanese motifs Exposed iron
Who was the famous architect during art nouveau period and part of the Catalan Modernista movement?
Antoni Gaudi
What was the famous work of Gaudi?
Casa Batló (Barcelona)
It is a rationalist movement against Baroque and ruled under Louis XVI
Neoclassical
He was the most prominent architect during neoclassical period; has a strong interest in Gothic; studied classical movement and renaissance; he built the Pantheon in Paris
Jacques-Germain Soufflot
What are the key features of St. Genevieve Church? (4)
Plain surface
Symmetry
Geometric precision
Classical order
This period was in mid 1700s; ruled under Louis XV; rise of bourgeoisie and middle class; means shell; “late baroque”
Rococo
This property was bought by Francois de Rogan Soubise
Hotel de Soubise
Who were the architects of Hotel de Soubise?
Germain Boffrand and Pierre Alexis Delamair
It is the most intimate setting in Rococo and the stylish center of French society in the 18th century
Salons
What is an example of a salon during Rococo?
Salon de la Princessa
It is seen as a landmark in modern, functionalist design
Bauhaus at Dessau
Bauhaus at Dessau consists of? (3)
Asphalt tilted roof
Steel framework
Reinforced concrete bricks (to reduce noise and protect against the weather)
What are the other Bauhaus building features? (6)
Flat roofs Smooth facades Cubic shapes Muted in colors: white, grey, beige, and black Open floor plans Functional furniture
It is an 808 ft tall building with a crowningglass dome meant to “give the effect of a great jeweled sphere” and has a “streamlined” approach to form geometric patterns and stylized ornaments
Chrysler Building
This architecture features allusions to the legend of St. George and the Dragon; its exterior is sheathed in colorful ceramics, while the roof is covered in scalelike tiles
Casa Batló
He conceived for Barcelona a series of architectural extravaganzas, apparently pervaded by thoughts of nature in its less attractive manifestations - the rabbit warren or termite hill, reptilian anatomy, weeds on the rampage.
Antoni Gaudi
It had an organic quality with floral and plant motifs, curvy women with flowers adorning their hair, birds, peacocks feathers, and insects.
Art Nouveau
He was famous for his pioneering work in Art Nouveau and the translation of the style from the decorative arts into architecture in the early 1890s.
Victor Horta
__________ inventiveness with Art Nouveau helped to make it something of a national style in Belgium by 1900
Victor Horta
The façade is made out of iron, stone and glassn; the middle section of the building is slightly cantilevered over the ground floor entry; the front is sequestered behind a swirling iron garden gate.
Hotel Van Eetvelde (1895)
It was a movement during the mid to late 18th century
Neoclassical
Wat are the 2 events that stirred during the mid 18th century?
Rediscovery of greek art
Excavatious at Herculaneum and Pompeii
It is the revival of classical antiquity, more consistent than classicism
Neoclassical
In what year did Soufflot left Rome and returned to Lyon where he began practicing as an architect?
1738
It was built as the Church of St. Genevieve but was secularized during the revolution
The Pantheon, Paris
What is the most famous feature of The Pantheon (Paris)?
272-foot high dome (based on the dome of St. Paul’s cathedral designed by Christopher Wren)
Where was Rococo derived from?
Rocaille (rock-work/shell-work)
What are the key characteristics of Rococo? (5)
- Elaborates curves and scrolls, curvilinear forms that resembles the letters “s” and “c”
- ornaments shaped like shells, plants, and the entire rooms being oval in shape, main plans were usually asymmetrical
- patterns were intricate and details are delicate
- scrolls, swags, mirrors and glided plasters
- pastel colors and using playful subjects
When did Edouard Dubois and Charles Lelong renovated the Hotel de Soubise?
1838-1848
When did Hubert Janniard and Edmond Guillaume did work on the hotel de soubise?
1859 - 1880
When was the Hotel de Soubise entirely renovated by Robert Danis?
1932 - 1938
The style became an official architectural style in France around 17th century to 18th century.
French Baroque
French Baroque was ruled under?
Louis XIV
In French Baroque, where was the capital moved?
Versailles
The period focused mainly on secular architecture- palaces; this building were designed to show power, magnificence and opulence.
French Baroque
King Louis XIV was also known as?
Le Roi Soleil or The Sun King
In King Louis XIV’s reign, the French became a standard of?
Taste
Who was the Minister of Finance; introduced a centralized system for the decorative arts, when he built the Vaux-Le-Vicomte?
Nicholas Fouquet
Also coordinated the development of the decorative arts for the monarchy; His first task was to re-build the Louvre
Jean Baptise Colbert
What are the key elements of French Baroque? (6)
- Symmteric
- Classical orders
- Curved lines adds a sense of motion
- Exterior were sober and highly ornamented
- Abundant windows allow natural light and view or surrounding gardens
- landscape architecture became important
As soon as Louis XIV got to the throne, he took this palace as a symbol of the French monarchy.
Palace of Versailles (1703)
______________ started the renovation and ________ concluded it after the first architect died.
Le Vau
Mansart
The palace has a huge extension with hundreds of rooms and it’s built on a land of almost ______ acres. The building has a well-defined base, noble floor and crowning.
2,000
What are the exterior features of Palace of Versailles?
Sober, magnificent, harmonius
What are the interior features of Palace of Versailles?
Richly decorated, showing beautiful pieces of art (Hall of mirrors)
This palace clearly shows the use of classical orders in the exteriors and the importance given to the gardens. These two elements would become the rule for French Baroque architecture.
Vaux-Le-Vicomte Palace (1661)
Who was the royal architect of Louis XIV?
Louis Le Vau
This is one of the most rhythmic and dynamic pieces of French architect Jules Hardouin Mansart. The building has a clearly defined Greek cross layout, with four round chapels that are only accessible through openings coming out from the tips of the cross.
Les Invalides (1676)
The period was developed in Spain during 17th and 18th centuries.
Spanish Baroque
Spanish Baroque can be further categorized into 2 periods
1st Period: Early Baroque (17th Century) 2nd Period: Baroque or Churrigueresco (Late 17th Century and 18th Century)
The church symbolizes strong what?
Influences and wealth
_________ and _______ was used to prove such power, through the means of elements of religious propaganda.
Art
Architecture
Baroque style in Spain developed essentially as a?
Regional style
What are the key elements for spanish baroque? (4)
- Use of humble materials for construction
- Very simple plan layout
- Very dynamic and volumetric facades and altars
- Ornamental than structural architecture
It was designed by Juan Gomez de Mora in 1619. Space is completely enclosed by residential and civic buildings.
Plaza Mayor de Madrid
It was also designed by Gomez de Mora in 1692, but most of the construction took place after his death. It is a sober building, with a great base of granite stone, brick walls and a very modest decoration, with some ornaments in the balconies.
Casa de la Villa
The style developed to highly ornamented elements and more dynamic conceptions. An opulent design with a disregard for classical rules and was primarily applied to exterior.
Churrigueresco
This is the most renowned work of architect and sculptor Jose Benito de Churriguera in 1695. The altar is highly decorated and is the focal piece of the building. It is a composition of abundant sculptures, columns, and plenty of ornaments and incorporates all the elements of baroque style.
Church of St. Stephen
The building was designed by Pedro de Ribera in 1726. A simple construction with a very dynamic facade at the entrance, with plenty of volumetric elements and curves that create stunning shadows.
Hospice of San Fernando
It was constructed by Alberto Churriguera in 1755. Space is enclosed by buildings consisting of three floors of balconies over a base with arches. The entire facade is highly ornamented, and the main element is the city hall building, designed by Jose Churriguera.
Plaza Mayor de Salamanca
It is derived from a Portuguese term “Baroco” meaning odd shape or imperfect pearl.
Baroque
When did Baroque started in Italy?
16th century
Baroque architecture was designed to _____ and _______. The power of dramatic.
Awe
Impress
Baroque architecture is more evident on _____ and _______.
Churches
Palaces
A prodigy in sculpture, architecture, and city planning;
• He was asked to serve as an official architect, a position he held until his death.
• His works dominated the Baroque movement in Rome for years.
• One of his famous work is the Baldachino for St. Peter’s Basilica.
Gianlorenzo Bernini
He designed and continued the additions to the St. Peter’s Basilica
Carlo Maderno
What are the key elements of Italian Baroque? (12)
- Preference to curves, double curves and diagonal lines
- Pediments in scroll forms
- Flying figures in dangerous looking positions
- Complexity
- Deliberate lack of clarity
- Open
- Unity
- Bold effects of gradation and climax
- Use of light
- Solomonic Column (twisted)
- carved ornaments
- used of pair columns
Examples of Italian Baroque Architecture
St. Peter’s Basilica Baldachino The Fountain of Trevi San Carlo alle Quattro Fontante Santa Maria della Salute Church of II Gesu
The exterior is composed of Corinthian pilasters.
The Dome broke the canons of classical proportions by raising the dome over a square room much above its correct height and dividing the wall area into three horizontal zones
Composed of lantern, dome balustrades, and statues piled above the gigantic pilasters.
St. Peter’s Basilica
Considered the largest Baroque fountain in Rome
The Fountain of Trevi
This had helped Francisco Borromini, his reputation for daring architectural innovation. It featured an alteration on concave and convex elements in the façade. As well as a drum that supported an oval dome.
San Carllo alle Quattro Fontante
A Roman Catholic church designed by Baldassare Longhena
A vast octagonal building with two domes and a pair of picturesque belltowers at the back.
It also features scroll and volute buttresses
Santa Maria della Salute
Designed by Giacomo Vignola for the mother church of the Society of Jesus- Jesuits. Its façade demonstrates “The first truly Baroque façade”
Church of II Gesu
