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Art history terms Flashcards

1
Q

Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) Exhibitions

A
  • An exhibition that had 650 works of art from 32 German museums in 1937.
  • They were mostly stolen artwork from places conquered by Germany.
  • Mocked price and where it originated from.
  • Showed what the Germans called ‘Bad Art’ and it caught a lot of people’s interest.
  • Show cased modern or avant- garde art.
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2
Q

Hostages series

A
  • Was created by Jean Fautrier in 1942-1944.
  • Inspiration came from his time in prison.
  • Shows a depiction of fleshy, bodies that were brutalized during the war.
  • He would hear people being tortured in the forest near the prison he was in.
  • Basically traumatized him.
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3
Q

Art Brut

A
  • French term that translates as ‘raw art’.
  • Was invented by a French artist called Jean De Buffet.
  • Describes graffiti or naive art which does not relate to the academic tradition of fine art.
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4
Q

Abstract Expressionism (New York School)

A
  • Took shape in a post-WWII America amidst rapid economic growth and rampant consumerism.
  • Shift of artistic center from Paris to New York.
  • Painting at a large-scale, making use of expressive gesture and/or color; process as important as finished product.
  • Style that exudes individuality + freedom; great for anti-communist message during “The Red Scare”.
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5
Q

Mythmakers

A
  • relating to the Eyes of Oedipus.
  • Abstract expressionism.
  • Origin stories/ human thinking.
  • Abex.
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6
Q

Gestural vs chromatic Ab Ex

A

-a method of fine art painting -Style that excludes
characterized by energetic, individuality and freedom. It
expressive brushstrokes deliberately is usually large scale, uses
emphasizing the sweep of the expressive gestures, and
painter’s arm or movement of the hand. color. The process is
important

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7
Q

The Sublime

A

Associated with nature and the fear of it. Think of standing on the edge of a cliff, take in its beauty and the feeling of powerlessness.

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8
Q

Zips

A

Vertical elements.

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9
Q

Carl Jung

A

Creating drawings from unconsciousness. Primordial images from dreams, universal ideas.

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10
Q

Dripping

A

Dripping paint onto a canvas.

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11
Q

Clement Greenberg vs Harold Rosenberg

A

Clement Greenberg Harold Rosenberg
- valued flatness -Action Painting
-liked pollock -Canvas= arena/ action/ gestural
-loved Frankenthaler’s work -Didn’t like pollock
but not that she is a women artist. -Believed in the journey of making art
-Good art= good taste -Likes Dekooning
-art must protect itself and culture.

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12
Q

Action Painting

A
  • Also called gestural painting.
  • a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas.
  • using your whole body to make the painting.
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13
Q

Flatness

A

There is no impasto on a painting, smoothness and no curvature on canvas.

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14
Q

Tenth Street Touch

A
  • Was a term created to describe artworks that copy William de Kooning’s artwork.
  • Became an art genre.
  • art work would have pasty like painting, you can feel it by touching it.
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15
Q

Impasto

A

An area where there is thick paint on a painting.

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16
Q

Black Mountain College

A

-Located in North Carolina, 1933- 1957.

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17
Q

John Cage

A

-Created Sonatas and interludes for prepared piano in 1940- 1948.

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18
Q

Prepared Piano

A

A technique to change a pianos sound by placing screws in between the strings of a piano.

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19
Q

4’33”

A

A music piece that John Cage has made.
-The overall piece that is silent, no music for 4 minutes and 33 seconds. People can make their own music by hearing what they hear in the moment of silence. Anything can be seen as music.

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20
Q

Semiotics (Icon, Index, and Symbol)

A

Relating to signs and symbols

  • Icon: a sign that physically resembles what it stands for.( Image of a cat)
  • Index: a sign which implies some other object or event. (A cat paw print)
  • Symbol: a sign with a conventional or arbitrary relation to the signifed. (CAT)
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21
Q

Combine

A

A combination of painting and sculpture.

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22
Q

Merce Cunningham

A

Was a dance instructor, he worked with Robert Rauschenberg. He created a dance that had Rauschenberg’s combine piece ‘ Minutiae’.

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23
Q

Encaustic

A

Painting technique in which pigment is mixed with hot liquid wax.
-used for religious purposes.

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24
Q

Gutai

A
  • material being material.
  • Decomposition.
  • Relating to the bombing in Japan during wwII.
  • Means using your body as a tool for art/ production.
  • very performative.
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25
Q

Expanded Painting

A

Painting with the body.

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26
Q

Happenings

A
  • Everyday activities being performed. Placed in an art space, it changes the way of how we view these things.
  • took place at the Ruben Galleries. ( 18 Happenings in 6 Parts).
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27
Q

Event Score

A

Is a type of database optimized for storage of events.
-Allan Kaprow made a list that shows each room of the exhibition. Each room had a mundane task that someone would perform at a certain time.

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28
Q

Reuben Gallery

A

It is a gallery that is located in New York. It hosted the ‘18 Happenings in 6 Parts’ in 1956.
-The artist of that event’s name was Allan Kaprow.

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29
Q

British Pop

A

Was thought of as popular, short term, easily forgotten, low cost, mass produced, aimed at youth, witty, sexy, glamorous, and big business.

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30
Q

The Independent Group

A

Had four members: Richard Hamilton, Peter Smithson, Alison Smithson, and Edouardo Paolozzi.

31
Q

Subsistence Economy

A

Is an economy which is not based on money and which commonly provides a minimal standard of living.

32
Q

Festival of Britain

A

Took place in 1951.

  • Shows off the Glories of England.
  • Was a propaganda tool, but was a ‘lie’.
  • Was only in England.
  • It shows consumer displays and publications, ‘look to the future’.
33
Q

Bunk

A

Is a series created 1947-1951 by Eduardo Paolozzi.

  • It talks about how the products and expectations of magazines are unattainable.
  • It appeals to commercialism.
  • Has sex appeal.
  • plays with popular magazine images.
34
Q

This is Tomorrow Exhibition

A

Is a exhibition that took place in england, it is a sci-fi themed.

  • It features the pavilion by Richard Hamilton and John Mchale.
  • It has disorienting spaces.
35
Q

American Pop

A

Was used to advertise different products.

36
Q

Kitchen Debate

A

Similar to the ‘Festival of Britain’, it was a show in Moscow that showed what America had to offer. Such as new products, basically flaunting how great America is. It made people very upset.

37
Q

Bonwit Teller

A

It is a piece created by Andy Warhol in 1961. It involves mannequins and artworks that Warhol has previously made. It makes the viewer aware of their place and feel involved. This piece inspired Roy Lichtenstein to make comics, eventually becoming famous.

38
Q

Ben-Day Dots

A

Are dots that are used in American comics, a technique created by a man named Roy Lichtenstein. It is created by painting over a stencil with cut out circles, making a circle pattern on the paper.

39
Q

Post-Painterly Abstraction

A

It is a blanket term covering a range of new developments in abstract painting in the late 1950s and early 1960s, characterised by a more rigorous approach to abstraction.

40
Q

Ghost Army

A

Was a group of artists who, during the war, made stuff for the army. Such as crafting fake environments.

41
Q

Color Field Painting

A

A style of American abstract painting prominent from the late 1940s to the 1960s
which features large expanses of unmodulated color covering the greater part of the canvas.

42
Q

Autonomy

A

A thing that could stand alone without help from any other thing.

43
Q

12 Rules for a New Academy (1953)

A

A list of rules that support the idea of autonomy. The rules being that the artwork will have no texture, brushwork/ calligraphy, sketching, form, design, colors, light, space, time, size/scale, movement, and object/subject/matter.

44
Q

Opticality

A

A way of getting flatness without impasto.

45
Q

Deductive Structure

A
  • Canvas that reminds us of the limits of the painting.

- Find the center

46
Q

Shaped Canvas

A

Are paintings that depart from the normal flat, rectangular configuration. Canvases may be shaped by altering their outline, while retaining their flatness.

47
Q

Minimalism

A

A style or technique (as in music, literature, or design) that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.
-must have gestalt, seriality, or specific object

48
Q

Dance Construction

A

It is a form of art that Simone Forti made.

  • It was around 1960-1961.
  • It was showcased at the Reuben Gallery.
  • it connects two places, the floor and the wall. So it could be considered a sculpture or a painting.
49
Q

Gestalt

A

Easy comprehendible forms, our minds can connect the dots.

50
Q

Specific Object

A

Is an object that is used throughout a piece of art. Such as using only logs for an art piece and having it as the focus.

51
Q

Seriality

A

Multiple of the same item.

52
Q

Post-Minimalism

A

Post Minimalism artists are more interested in physical processes and brought personal social concerns into works.
-is an artistic tendency rather than an art movement.

53
Q

Anti-Form

A

An unknowable thing you can not understand just by looking at it.

54
Q

Art Worker’s Coalition (AWC)

A

It was a movement that took place in New York City in January 1996. It was basically an art strike that pushed for Free admission on certain days and times for museums, demand for expansion of types of artist represented in those spaces, and came up with 13 demands submitted to MoMA’s director.

55
Q

Hard Hat Riot (May 8, 1970)

A
  • Workers rights.
  • Artists are laborers.
  • Fight broke out between the Hard hat worker people and artists who were speaking out about worker rights.
56
Q

Odalisque

A

Is a reclining female nude or to describe something that has an exotic flare.

57
Q

Fluxus

A

An art movement that continued to develop ideas related to Happenings
- artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product.

58
Q

Event Scores

A

Involve simple actions, ideas, and objects from everyday life recontextualized as performance.
-are texts that can be seen as proposal pieces or instructions for actions.

59
Q

Fluxkits

A

Are activities in a box , such as games or art experiments that were around during 1964.

  • Helps anyone create their own art.
  • Brings art to the homes of people.
60
Q

Seiza

A

Means proper sitting.

61
Q

Conceptualism

A

Relates to the idea not the object or material used in the piece.

62
Q

Artforum

A

-Is an international monthly magazine specializing in contemporary art.

63
Q

Land Art

A

Pieces reject the commercial nature of contemporary art in the 1960s and the art world affinity for artificiality.s Founded throughout Europe and America.

  • Relied on wealthy patrons and private foundations to create works at such a large scale.
  • Coincided with an increase in political and environmental activism within the United States, although Land Art is found throughout Europe and America.
64
Q

The Expanded Field

A

Is defined as the structural parameters of sculpture, architecture, and landscape art through the precise diagram.

65
Q

Monuments of the Passaic

A

Was part of a magazine that Robert Smithson made, it details all of his artwork/ monuments that you can go to.

66
Q

Non-Site

A

An indoor earthwork.

67
Q

Ecofeminism

A

It is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, and the relationship between women and the earth, as foundational to its analysis and practice.

68
Q

Performance Art

A

Was around during the 1960’s.
-connected to the growing tendency toward the “dematerialization” of the art object and the art world’s fascination with artists’ actions.

69
Q

Viennese Action Theater

A

Emphasize the return to ritual and theatricality at its inception.
-Single out the body and treat it as an analytic object – as a libidinal site where the intersection between psychosomatic subjectivity and social subjection can be dramatically enacted.

70
Q

Video Art

A

It is an art form which relies on using video technology as a visual and audio medium.

71
Q

Prepared TV

A

Similar to prepared pianos, prepared tv uses magnets to mess around the tv’s frequencies. It makes images appear on a static tv.

72
Q

Sony Portapak

A

A portable video camera.

73
Q

Prewar Art Movements/Styles (Cubism, De Stijl, Surrealism, Dada)

A

Cubism: characterized by dissected forms reorganized in dynamic interaction with space, and subdued palette
De Stijl: non objective design or “pure plastic art,” an ideal balance between the universal and the individual using an abstract formal vocabulary.
Surrealism: aims to revolutionise human experience. It balances a rational vision of life with one that asserts the power of the unconscious and dreams.
Dada: creating art by using chance, like picking words out of a hat and using it in a poem.

Art class (2 decks)

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