Art History Part 2 Flashcards
“Condottiero”
Giorgio De Chirico - 1917
- Controlled lines that come together for form that looks like pieces of wood fitted together to create the likeliness of muscles, ligaments, & tendons. Precision of construction - very thin lines
“Head”
Alberto Giacometti - 1946
- Soft & uncontrolled Lines
- Sense of chaos
- Abstracted head confronts the viewer
- Chaotic - sense of turmoil & anguish
“Package”
Claudio Bravo - 1969
- descriptive rather than just expressive
- trompe loeil (trumps the eye of the viewer/bares no trace of artist’s strokes
- Mixed Media
- Texture override actual medium itself
“Portrait of a Woman”
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux - 1874
- Subtle tonal contrast to capture form
- Woman materializes from background
- Interested in woman’s form, subtle roundness.
“Study of Drapery”
Leonardo Da Vinci - 1473
- Captures intricacies of drapery over human form - illusion of mass & volume
- Dramatic lighting to provide hard contrasts between surfaces and crevices
- tonal contrast studied/linear
- realistic/descriptive study of drapery
“Tiber above Rome”
Claude Lorrain - 1640
- Tonal variation used exclusively
- suggestive - impression/analysis
- rendered quickly - impression of what he was looking at.
Implements
- Charcoal/chalk/crayon/etc.
- Black & tones of gray
- Also many full colored
Surface/Support
Surface on which the image is sketched
- Paper/linen/etc
- Monochromatic (one-colored)
Tonal contrat drawing
Artist’s ability to capture form & create mass by variations of color hue rather than through use of line.
Linear drawing
determined by the use of line
3 Categories of Drawing
- Sketches - records an idea or provide information on what the artist saw
- Plans - prepatory studies for projects (buildings, sculptures, crafts, etc)
- Fully developed & autonomous works of art.
Dry Media
- used in drawing include silverpoint, pencil, charcoal, chalk, pastel, and wax crayon
Silverpoint
- Middle Ages 1500 - oldest drawing media
- dragging silver-tipped implement over a support
- become more darkened (tarnish) as it oxidizes
- parallel/cross-hatch to create linear of deepened tone/depth
Pencil
- Replaced silverpoint - mass produced in 18th century
- Harder the lead the more clay in mixture
Charcoal
- Ancestors - cave paintings/charring special hardwoods.
- vary in color, texture, very hard to soft
Pastels
- Widely used 1400’s/intro in France 1700’s
- allow for spontaneous nature of drawing & wide range of colors.
Crayon
- Any workable stick that uses wax as its binding agent.
- Most popular - conte crayon
Fluid Media
Used in drawing - ink, and instruments used to hold the medium is pen and brush.
Pen/Ink
- earliest version - hollow reeds w/slits to control ink
- Quills - popular in Middle Ages
- 19th century - metal rib w/wooden stylus
- fine metal nib - fine/precise line - vary in width depending on pressure exerted.
Pen/Wash
- Fine clear lines of pure ink, combined w/wash: diluted ink applied with a brush
- provides tonal contrast - absent in pen/ink
Brush/Ink
- Extremely versatile - range of materials, texture, and shape
- Charac. of support will also influence the charc. of medium
Brush/Wash
- Even more versatile
- The medium allows artist to create images based on tonal contrast
“Lamentation”
Giotto - 1305
• Joints clearly evident, particularly the sky where the artist was not able to complete the expanse.
• Part of the fresco program commissioned by Enrico
Scrovengi for his private chapel (Arena Chapel)
• Richest man in Padua and his father, Reginaldo, was a person Dante had written about in his “Divine Comedy” and placed him the 7th circle of hell for usury (money lending)
• This chapel was commissioned as atonement for his father’s sins.
• Close to an old Roman arena in Padua
• Some of Giotto’s best preserved works
• Simple Barrel Vault rectangular building
• Scenes from the Life of Mary’s parents (anna and joachim)
• Virtues and Vices, scenes from the life of christ
Crucifixion, Deposition, Lamentation, Annunciation
• Although fresco can be painted w/brilliant colors, some do no form chemical bonds with the lime plaster.
“Adoration of the Magi”
Gentile Da Fabriano - 1423
• Large alterpiece
• Frame is elaborately gothic
• Combined with “gilding” - the application of thinly
hammered sheets of gold to the panel surface
• “International style” - combination of Gothic qualities w/the new Renaissance innovations - perspective, and interest of nature.
• Gold Sky - Byzantine
• Crowded composition
• Elaborate gold drapery
• Exotic Animals
• Appealed to more conservative taste rather than the unadorned monumentality of the early Renaissance.
• The linear perspective is inconsistent
• The ornate details of the drapery attest to the precision of tempera.
“Rock ola”
Ralph Goings - 1992
- The artist is one of the driving forces behind the contributors to the school of photorealism
- Uses transparent water color ingeniously
- Virtuosos handling of the medium
- Confident strokes, color precision
- The gleaming retro chrome of the diner interior
- Washes are kept to a minimum
- Painter emphasizes form over color, line over tonal patterns
“Still Life, Tulips”
Emil Nolde - 1930
- First appreciated for the fluidity and was conducive for rapid sketches and preparatory studies
- Simple material allowed for portability
- Card indoors and outdoors
- Render their impression spontaneously
- He was enticed by the transparency of the tinted washes
“Christ Crucified between two theives”
Rembrandt Van Rijn - 1653
- The more distinct lines were rendered with a burin whereas the softer lines created w/ a drypoint needle
- Used the blurriness of the drypoint to enhance the sense of chaos attending the crucifixion and the darkness of the approaching storm
- Lines fall like black curtains enshrouding the crowd and rays of bright light illuminate of the figure of Jesus.
“Battle of Ten Naked Men”
Antonio Pollaiuolo - 1465-1470
- Deep lines that hold a greater amt of ink define the contours of the ten fighting figures.
- Used parallel groupings of thinner and thus lighter lines to render tonal gradations that define the exaggerated musculature.
- All muscle groups are tense. Not possible.
“Untitled”
Hung Liu
- Even velvety background, is made from the hatcher
- Non-linear
- Image of prostitutes from her country - China. Women forced into prostitution due to their bound feet and unable to walk.
• Reflects the pain, suffering, and degradation of
women
“Moon and Half Dome”
Ansel Adams - 1960
◦ Majestic cliffs, cold sky, smooth moon, rough cliffs
◦ Composition is as much about shape and textures as it is a feature of the California landscape.
“The Artist’s Studio”
Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre - 1837
• assembly of deeply textured objects and
sculptures
• contrasting light and dark values create illusion
of depth
“Young Lady with an Umbrella”
Louis Lumiere - 1906-1910
◦ Autochromes were glass plates coated with 3 layers of dyed potato starch that served as color filters
◦ layer of silver bromide emulsion covered the starch
◦ yielded positive color transparency
◦ these type of photos are akin to postimpressionist artist Georges Seurat
◦ This technology was not replaced until 193 when Kodak began producing film
“Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter”
Alexander Gardner - 1863
◦ Prior to 19th century, very few pictures in newspapers and magazines
◦ Photography revolutionized the capacity for news media
◦ Recorded major historical events (like the Civil War)
◦ not many types of these works were sold for 3 reasons:
‣ The state of photography made photographs high priced
‣ Methods of reproducing in newsprint were not invented till 1900
‣ The American public not ready to be face-to-face with such brutality
“Galloping Horse”
Eadweard Muybridge - 1878
• 24 cameras placed alongside a racetrack
“The Flatiron Building - Evening”
Edward Steichen - 1906
◦ Capture form
◦ Looming atmosphere
◦ Middle gray
◦ Very soft
