Art History Exam 1

Question 1

Giotto Di Bonde, Arena Chapel/Lamentation, Arena Chaple

Answer 1

Italian, Buon Fresco Painting, Trecento
Imagined scene of the crucifixion of Christ, lamentation of christs death.
Includes us viewers, part of the painting. Istoria= viewers are going through the emotions of the painting.
Giotto used the diagonal slop of the rocky landscape to direct the viewers attention towards the head of Christ.

Question 2

Masaccio, Tribute Money, Brancacci Chaple

Answer 2

Italian, quattrocento, fresco painting,
depicts a tax collector, who trying to get money from them to enter Capernaum,
it is a continuous narrative, different moments are depicted, used linear perspective, their light source is a window in the chaple it outside the painting, give a messege of responsibility and respect.peter is 3 times, find the money to pay the in the mouth of a fish directed by jesus, then returns to pay the collector.

Question 3

Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good Government in the city and country, peaceful city , sala della pace

Answer 3

Italian, trecento, fresco, panoramic view of urban and rural areas of siena, common wealth, people dancing, education, guild members, trades, sends a messege that only good decisions can be made in sala della pace, sienna has a strong good government. first landscape since antiquity.

Question 4

Jan Van Eyck, Arnolfini Portrait, national gallery, london

Answer 4

Northern, Quattrocento, oil paint on wood, depicts a genrescene-interior painting scene in a natural day bye day activity, depicts a wedding of an Italian financier and his wife, the red bedding and open bed mean consummate marriage, she looks pregnant by the way she holds her dress, stating hope of pregnancy she was unable to have kids, they have no shoes which means holy ground, colors in their clothes for her green means fertility, expensive and heavy clothes, she has a veil on her head, the dog is a symbol of fidelity and loyalty, the mirror on the back wall shows two other people “witnesses” of the wedding, around the mirror are images of the passion of Christ, jan signes in latin stating jan was here in the back wall.

Question 5

Limbourg Brothers, January and Frebruary from les tres riches heures du duc de berry, muse conde

Answer 5

Northern, quattrocento, ink on velulum, depicts the duques benevolence, wealthy and extravagant environment, the dukes appears as a magnanimous host with a halo like circled behind him.

Question 6

Broecederlam, champmol Altarpiece, chaple of the chartreuse de champmol france.

Answer 6

Northern, Quattrocento, oil painting, altarpiece religious depiction, used gothic style type of architecture and roman style, depict the annunciation and visitation scene on the left panel and presentation in the temple and fight in to Egypt on the right.

Question 7

Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece,

Answer 7

Northern, quattrocento, oil paint on wood, depicts annunciation scene in a middle class home, joseph working as a carpenter, the first panel interact with the middle panel, it is believed the first panel are the commissioners of the altarpiece. used a lot of religious symbols: the book, candles, lilies, towels symbolize christs presence and purity. and right panel joseph has made a mousetrap indicating God is bait set in the trap of the world to catch the devil.

Question 8

Van Der Wayden, Deposition, museo del prado madrid

Answer 8

Northern, Quattrocento, center panel of a triptych from notre-dame hors les murs, Louvain, oil paint on wood. causes the viewer to experience the same emotions being depicted, shows a strong relationship between jesus and his mother, both are laying to the same sides and their hands nearly touching, humanistic characteristics, depicted it into a shallow stage not in a landscape to express maximum action,

Question 9

Jean Fouquet, Melun Diptych. Etienne chavalier and saint Stephen(left) virgin and child(right)

Answer 9

Northern, quattrocento, oil painting on wood, left wing is a very realistic portrait, etiennes white hands indicate his high social status, his face color emphasize him being humble, we can identify Stephen as a saint because he is holding the stone of his martyrdom. the right panel, is virgin and child, her body is unnatural, unrealistic, portraits divine over human,

Question 10

Martin Shongauer, Demons torturing saint Anthony,

Answer 10

Northern, Quattrocento, it is an engraving, intaglio surface, he used various distinctions of values and textures, he engraved saint Anthony with a very stoic facial expression while demons are tearing him apart,

Question 11

Grunewald, Isenheim altarpiece (open and closed), chaple of hospital of saint Anthony, germany

Answer 11

Northern, Cinquecento, he depicts scenes of suffering and disease but also miraculous healing, hope and salvation. reflects catholic beliefs, uses symbolize like the lamb son of God, depicts the crucifixcion scene on the outside, the shrine was carved by HAGENAUER, depicted the disease gangrene in st antonys suffering.

Question 12

Durer, Four Apostles,

Answer 12

Northern, Cinquecento, oil paint on wood, in this painting durer supports martin luther and the protestan reformation, on the left panel he depicts saint peter as a representative of the pope to a secondary role placing him behind john de evagenlist, on the right peter and john both read from the bible the single authoritative source of religion according to luther. at the bottom of each panel he included quotations from each of the four apostles books using luther’s german translation.

Question 13

Durer, Great Piece of Turf

Answer 13

Northern, Cinquecento, watercolor, durer shared Leonardo’s belief that sigth reveals scientific truth. botanists are able to identify each plant, dandelions, great plantain, yarrow, meadow grass, heath rush. “nature holds the beautiful” beauty lies even in humble ugly things.

Question 14

Cranach the Elder, Allegory Law and Grace,

Answer 14

Northern, Cinquecento, woodcut, depict protestant view on the right-salvation and repentance-more personal relationship with God, depicts catholic side on the left-domation, earn way to heaven only with good deeds if not youll be punished.

Question 15

Bosch, Garden of earthly delights (open and closed)

Answer 15

Northern, Cinquecento, triptych style of altarpiece, left= the garden of eden-thedecay of humans, middle=an orgy is occurring, between humans and between humans and animals and fruits,-temptations in life, right= night/ hell scene, people suffering punishments, animals are torturing the naked people. in the closed triptych= depiction of the world before its being completely done and God in the corner forming it.

Question 16

Peter bruegel, netherlandish proverbs,

Answer 16

northern, cinquecento, portraits proverbs of bad behavior and suffering, sinful scenes, “the blind leading the blind”…

Question 17

Holbein, French ambassadors,

Answer 17

northern, cinquecento, portraits good men in this period and realistic, gives the idea they are well educated and wealthy because of the objects around them, globe, instruments, and books, there is a bible-Lutheran not catholic. SKull on the bottom-artificial component, can be seen only by an angle representation of memento mori=gives messege to viewer not to admire weath or vanity cause you are going to die. *hidden crucifix behind the table above the skull stating you will be judge.

Question 18

Uccello, battle of san romano,

Answer 18

Italian, quattrocento, tempera on wood, depicts a political side of life not religious, its very stiff and unnatural, conmemortes a victory of Florence over sienna,

Question 19

Brunelleschi, dome of the Florence cathedral,

Answer 19

Italian, quattrocento, gothic type of dome, he designed it with a skeleton to hold a dome with a lantern top to hold it tigher.

Question 20

alberti, church of san andrea (interior and exterior)

Answer 20

Italian, quattrocento, roman type of design, polasters, columns, archers. add a triangle at the top, it was a basilica planned church design, he got rid of the side hallways and designed own private chapels to seprate aristocrats from ordinary people.

Question 21

Donatello, David,

Answer 21

Italian, quattrocento, a private commission for the medicci family, God favors david he can win even though he is small, david represents Florence over and over again, he stands in contro posto, looks relaxed and satisfied after he wins, people believed his erotic pose wasn’t appropriate for public work,

Question 22

Ghiberti, gates of paradise,

Answer 22

Italian, quattrocento, each panel in the door depicted biblical scenes, uses relief design-linear perspective on 2D.

Question 23

della Francesca, flagellation of Christ,

Answer 23

Italian, quattrocento, oil and tempera on wood, tells the story of the passion of the Christ, he gives jesus a halo and literal light, in Pontius pilate palace in Jerusalem, scholars are still in debate who are the 3 persons infront of the painting.

Question 24

Mantegna, camera picta,

Answer 24

Italian, quattrocento, fresco decoration in the Dukes entire room, uses trompe l oeil, the cealing is also painted in a hurmous way, angels and other creatures are looking downward at there bed to whatever they do there.

Question 25

Botticelli, Birth of Venus,

Answer 25

Italian, quattrocento,tempera on canvas, venus birth, the spring goddess, venus is depicted with Pudicca Pose, very modest , it lacks stability the way that venus stands and her body, boticelli revives the female nude in this painting. it was created for the medicci family.

Question 26

Leonardo Da Vinci, The Last Supper,

Answer 26

Italian, cinquecento, oil and tempera on plaster, dining hall of a monastery, used linear perspective to paint it to make it seem the painting is part of the room to accompany the ones eating, depicts the moment after jesus announces someone will betray him, Judas is the one with darker features, and jesus and judas are the only ones with hands on the table reaching for the same bread,

Question 27

Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa,

Answer 27

Italian, cinquecento, oil on wood, her identity is mysterious, she looks simple and humble her hair is down, nothing extravagant to describe wealth, however, the title Mona is Madonna which give her a social status, details of her dress looks heavy and silky and dark color clothes, and the little designs on the top of her dress suggest wealth so maybe she is lisa di Antonio ghirardini according to Vasari, Leonardo uses chiaroscuro, its the worlds most famous portrait.

Question 28

Leonardo Da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks,

Answer 28

Italian, Cinquecento, usual depicted scene, Madonna and child, he uses sfumato, they share the same environment.

Question 29

Raphael, School of Athens,

Answer 29

Italian, Cinquecento, commission for the Vatican apartments, he included great philosophers and scientists and himself in the painting, he depicts, law, poetry, theology and philosophy,

Question 30

Raphael, Galatea,

Answer 30

Italian, Cinquecento, depicts a poem by poliziano, galatea fleeing from polyphemus. it celebrates human beauty and zestful love.

Question 31

Michelangelo, Pieta,

Answer 31

Italian, Cinquecento, marble, representation of mary cradling Christ’s corpse, it captures the sadness and beauty of the virgin, but it was controversial because she seems younger than jesus.

Question 32

Michelangelo, David,

Answer 32

Italian, Cinquecento, marble, representation of david in heroic classical nudity, depicts david turning to see the approach of goliath.

Question 33

Michelangelo, Sistine Chaple (ceiling and back wall)

Answer 33

Italian, Cinquecento, describes creation, fall, redemption of humanity, separation of light and dark, as viewers go in the story is in reverse order.

Question 34

Giorgione, Pastoral Symphony,

Answer 34

Italian, Cinquecento, described as poetic, pastoral mood,

Question 35

Titian, Pesaro Madonna,

Answer 35

Italian, Cinquecento, titan established his style, with dazzling displays of color, it depicts madonnas place in heaven, a commander is kneeling infron of her, he did not use any horizontal or symmetrical arrangement unlike Raphael and Leonardo, with is diagonal inclination draw attention to the Madonna, and the banner inclined to the left bring balance.