Art Histor Flashcards
Volumetric figures rendered with anatomical precision, emotionally charged expression and visual naturalism are formal elements popularized in the Renaissance
Linear Perspective
Extolled the active life of the citizen and praised humanity’s capacity to achieve greatness through knowledge and free will.
Humanism
Who wrote the first critical history of European Art during the Renaissance, Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (1550, 2nd edition 1568) although many of his observations are now considered obsolete.
Giorgio Vasari
What are the two main types of iconography or subject matter found in the Renaissance?
Religious and Secular
Term derived from the Italian manière, meaning simply “style,” and sometimes defined as the “stylish style” for its emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction.
Mannarism
The word paper is derived from?
Papyrus
What do we call the style before the Renaissance?
Middle Ages
During the early Renaissance most paintings were produced on?
Board
Generally speaking, what were the two forms of patronage in the Renaissance?
Public and Private
What were three components of an artist/patron contract during the Renaissance?
What is to be represented/built cost and style?
Patterns of this have been linked to each center’s economic and political structure.
Patronage
Most early Renaissance artists mostly worked for themselves. What do we call this type of employment?
Self Employment
Who was commissioned by the Banker’s Guild in Florence to execute St. Matthew for Orsanmichele
Ghiberti
Large public commissions could serve as what for artists and patrons?
Advertisement
This English term comes from the Latin word Patronus, meaning protector of clients or dependents, specifically freedmen.
Patron
Name a wealthy family associated with patronage in Renaissance Florence.
Medici
Name of wealthy female Renaissance patron.
Isabella d’Este
Nursing – associated Mary’s milk with acts of divine nurturing and religious teaching were called?
Madonna Lactans
Name two common Altar piece themes.
Virgin Mary and the Incarnation of Christ?
Triptych
A whole painting made of three separate pieces
Bonaventura Berlinghieri, St. Francis of Assisi, c. 1235, would be categorized a what “thematic” type of altarpiece?
Saint
Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia were most often associated with this type of altarpiece (many-paneled works) with several stages of closing and opening.
Polyptychs
Lilies are typically associated with what Biblical figure
Virgin Mary
Images of Mary nursing are often related to?
Wisdom
Jan van Eyck, The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,1435. The bridge is a symbol of?
Visual Transmission
Jan van Eyck depicts what scene in this panel?
Annunciation
Greek myths come from?
Oral Tradition
What artist painted the Venus of Urbino in 1538?
Titian
Plotinus argued that the artist in creating his work directly imitates the forms of this ideal reality, which are experienced as Beauty.
Neoplatonism
One of the suggested moral lessons of Sandro Botticelli’s, Primavera (Spring).
Lessons for a bride on chastity, submission and procreation?
Chloris and Zephyrus (West Wind) in Botticelli’s, Primavera has been suggested to represent?
Rape Scene
This artist painted the Birth of Venus about 1482?
Sandro Botticelli
Promoting a local ruler, instructing soldiers, justifying a political decision, marriage are some of the reason these were “recast” during the Renaissance?
Myths
Greeks made gods a perfected form of ______
Themselves
The god’s immortality separated them from ______
Humans
The earliest Renaissance portraits were not paintings but rather important inclusions in pictures of?
Christian subjects
Fra Filippo Lippi, Woman with a Man at a Casementca is an example of what type of portrait?
Profile
Domenico Ghirlandaio Portrait of Giovanna Degli Albizzi Tornabuoni, includes (painted) writing on a piece of paper. The Italian term is?
Cartellino
Name one reason a fly (painted) might appear in Renaissance portraiture?
To represent the transient nature of life
Technique perfected by Leonardo da Vinci, a smokey haziness—to soften outlines and create an atmospheric effect around?
Sfumato
Petrus Christus, Portrait of a Carthusian (1446), is an example of what kind of portrait?
3/4 style portrait
Lisa Gherardini is thought to be the sitter in what famous portrait?
The Mona Lisa
This type of portrait is considered a (refers to size)
Half Length
During the Renaissance and beyond, miniature portraits were often given as a __________?
Remembrance
Italian Renaissance architects based their theories and practices on?
Classical Roman examples?
Engineered of the dome of Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore, also known as the Duomo)?
Brunelleschi
Credited with redesigning the façade of Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy between 1456 and 1470?
Alberti
This is an example of what type of ceiling?
Coffered
He published I quattro libri dell’architettura (Four Books on Architecture), 1570
Palladio
Villa Rotunda
Renaissance villa just outside Vicenza in northern Italy designed by Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio.
An ancient Roman architect whose work was influential during the Renaissance?
Vitruvius
Name the three basic types of column capitals.
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian
This architect’s treatise, Della Pittura, was an essential handbook for artists, explaining the principles behind linear perspective, which Brunelleschi may have first developed.
Alberti
In sculpture what is the term for where the weight is placed on one leg, and the other leg is bent?
Contrapposto
This casting method, used by the Ancient Greeks & Roman became regained popularity during the Renaissance.
Lost Wax
This male biblical figure was seen as a representation of Florence, Italy.
David
The facade design of the Basilica of Sant ‘Andrea, Mantua had been linked to what ancient monument?
Arch of Constantine
Credited with inventing movable type in Europe?
Guttenberg
The oldest form of printmaking is a relief process in which knives and other tools are used to carve a design into the surface of a wooden block.
Woodcut
Medicinal Herbs, Anatomy, & Engineering were topics of what Renaissance art?
Book Publishing
This popular past-time was aided by printing and made the game more universally available.
Playing Cards
This printing intaglio printing process involves gauging out an image on a metal plate.
Engraving
With this intaglio print method, the artist coats the plate with a resin, then draws a design, and inserts the plate in an acid bath.
Etching
Printmaking allowed design styles to be _______ throughout Europe during the Renaissance.
Disseminated
This artist who engraved images of Adam and Eve and St. Jerome in his study was considered “world” famous during his lifetime.
Durer
The description of a subject in the guise of another subject.
Allegory
Some scholars have suggested the figure in agony is an allegory for
Syphilis
Three figures depicted in this panel of Bosch’s, Garden or Earthly delights.
Adam, Eve and God
The central panel in Bosch’s, Garden of Earthly Delights is often associated with which of the seven deadly sins?
Lust
In this engraving and following in the tradition of allegory, _____ is shown as a naked woman wearing a feather headdress and carrying a club.
America
Allegory of Venus and Cupid
Bronzino, 1545
Ornament Engraving
Agostino Veneziano
Donatello’s David
After the fight
1430-1440
First Nude Since Antiquity
Michelangelo’s David
Intended for Florence Cathedral
1501-1504
Before the Fight
Virgin and Child Before Firescreen
Robert Campin, 1430
Lives of Most Excellent Painters, Sculptor’s and architechts
1550 2nd Addition 1568
The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
Jan Van Eyck, 1435
