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ART HIS > ART HIS FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

ART HIS FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Etruscan Art

A

Tuscany region of Italy

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2
Q

Ephemeral products

A

only surviving a short time

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3
Q

Etruscan temple

A

made of wood, tile and mudbrick
large patio and porch area, 3 interior rooms, sculptures on top of roof

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4
Q

Apollo of Veii

A

one of sculptures from roof of temple, terra cotta, archaic smile

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5
Q

Etruscan cemeteries

A

believed in cremation and tombs, sotcked w/ things needed for the afterlife

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6
Q

Tumuli

A

tombs were mounts like beehive tombs

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7
Q

Etruscan Sarcophagus w/ Reclining Couple

A

terracotta, eating in reclining pose, held ashes of the couple in cinerary jar, happy and welcoming

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8
Q

Capitoline Wolf

A

bronze, she-wolf is Etruscan, Romulus and Remus were added after

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9
Q

Aulus Metellus

A

bronze, high ranking Roman official aka the Orator, done at end of Etruscan age, dressed in Roman fashion

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10
Q

Arches

A

Roman invention, arch made up of voussoiur wedge shaped stones, last stone placed is the keystone

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11
Q

The Republic

A

first a monarchy then republic w/ a Senate, Julius Caeser is dictator, his death marks end of republic w/ civil war breaking out

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12
Q

Early Empire

A

Caeser’s newphew Octavian, named Augustus, Pontific Maximus (High Priest), Golden age of Rome begins

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13
Q

High Empire

A

Trajan, raged war on Dacians

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14
Q

Late Empire

A

most populace city in world, art falls into dark ages, civil war and power divided

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15
Q

Augustus of Primaporta

A

political propaganda of Augustus, multiple copies placed around, shows gods as he is related to the gods

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16
Q

Ara Pacis Augustae

A

Altar of Peace, built by Augustus, painted, fragments found reconstructed by Mussolini, relief sculptures show figures of humans, animals, plants, shows founding of Rome

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17
Q

Pont-du-gard

A

first major building used arches, bridge aquaduct, built in 5 yrs, supplied water to city of Nimes

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18
Q

Colosseum

A

concrete from molds, double ampitheatres, multiple events held, columns in order, sitting based on status

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19
Q

Column of Trajan

A

ancient roman streets lower, square base originally a tomb. relief sculpture wraps around 22x, about campaigns Trajan waged, shows beginning of war bottom to top

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20
Q

Pantheon

A

NOT Parthenon, concrete, Greek temple at front but circular building inside, Oculus center and provide light

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21
Q

Mummy Portraits

A

takes place during Roman empire w/ Greek style but Egyptian use

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22
Q

Portraits of the Four Tetrachs

A

structure set up by Diocletian, means four rulers, after Rome divided again, dark age of art

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23
Q

Arch of Constantine

A

wasn’t seen by Constantine, patchwork of other arches of other leaders, situated next to the Colosseum

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24
Q

Late Antiquity

A

primarily addresses Christian art in the Roman Empire

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25
Q

Late Antiquity Religious Change

A

went from polytheistic to monotheistic, Pagans are polytheistic

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26
Q

Nave

A

where the congregation sits

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27
Q

Transept

A

the crossing of the church

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28
Q

Apse

A

usually end of a church, dome or curved roof/part of church

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29
Q

Ambulatory

A

curved barrel vault around the apse

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30
Q

Barrel Vaults

A

one arch in front of the other

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31
Q

Groin Vault

A

where two barrel vaults intercept each other at right angles

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32
Q

Pendentives

A

curving wall sections set between arches that curve inward, dome on top of square building

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33
Q

Mosaics

A

small pieces of stone/glass/tile arranged to create an image/pattern

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34
Q

Church of Santa Costanza

A

round church, originally tomb/baptistry, centrally-planned church

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35
Q

Sarcophogus of Junius Bassus

A

marble tomb in St. Peter’s, governer of the Roman empire, see transition to Christianity, Christ stepping on Pagan god’s head

36
Q

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

A

plus shaped structure, made w/ reused brick, heavily covered in mosaics, glass angles to make it look shimmery

37
Q

Church of San Vitale

A

octagonal shape, reused brick, famous for mosaics on either side of altar (Justinian and His Attendants and Theodora and Her Attendants)

38
Q

Justinian and His Attendants

A

Emporer Justinian. political propaganda, stand in for Christ w/ halo around, advisors surrounding him, flat art

39
Q

Theodora and Her Attendants

A

Justinian’s wife, stand in for the Virgin Mary, three wise men on her dress, halo around and surrounded by advisors

40
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Holy Wisdom, converted to a Mosque, first major building square building and dome top, was built to revive glory of Roman empire, uncovered mosaics

41
Q

Early Medieval Europe

A

Roman empire has fallen by Germanic kingdoms, area of uncertainty w/ not a lot of documentation, little art known

42
Q

Vellum

A

paper made out of calf-skin

43
Q

Sutton Hoo Burial Ship

A

farm in England, 7 different mounds, large mound found ceremonial ship, person held some type of importance

44
Q

Sutton Hoo Purse Cover

A

viking-like w/ interlacing and abstract animals, mostly metal artifacts remained intact

45
Q

Borgund Stave Church

A

staves (timbers) held structure of church, dark interiors often burnt down, cross and dragon on top of church to protect it

46
Q

Wooden Portal of the Stave Church

A

door taken from a diff structure, incorporated into the wall, similar to viking pagan art w/ stylized mythical creatures among foliage

47
Q

Page from the Lindisfarne Gospels

A

extremely intricate page, abstract animal figures and patterns

48
Q

Equestrian Portait of Charles the Bald

A

thought it was Charlamagne, glorify the rule, wearing ceremonial robes and sword, holding orb = power

49
Q

Book of Kells

A

monasteries centers of prayer, learning and art, four scribes/monks and three painters worked on it, heavily decorated books, jewels on front cover

50
Q

Chi-rho-iota from Book of Kells

A

Greek letters spell out Christ, the page took a month to produce

51
Q

Door of Saint Michael’s

A

bronze, very expensive, scenes from old testament on left and new testament on right, read from top to bottom, majority illiterate iconagraphy used

52
Q

Romanesque Art

A

means roman-like

53
Q

Relics and Reliquaries

A

relics are parts of saint and reliquaries are containers for them, thought to have special powers, brought out in ceremonies/religious days, were stolen a lot

54
Q

Typanum

A

curving wall sections above church doorways, allowed masses to understand the stories of the bible

55
Q

Martyr

A

someone who dies for their faith

56
Q

Pilgrimage

A

trips people would take to see the relics, often visit churches throughout France and Northern Spain to see relics

57
Q

Cathedral Complexes

A

baptistry in front, cross-shaped church/cathedral behind it and a bell tower

58
Q

Last Judgement (Romanesque)

A

relief sculpture over door, Christ w/ full body halo, the saved on his left, weighing of souls on the right, dead rising below him

59
Q

Reliquary Statue of Saint Foy

A

heavily ornamented, golden jeweled sitting on throne, relic of martyr in it

60
Q

Reliquary Statue of Saint Alexander

A

size of a human head, similar to ancient Roman busts

61
Q

Gothic Cathedrals

A

walls opened up, lots of windows, color stained glass, buildings big to make you feel small in god’s prescence

62
Q

Pointed Arches

A

arches not curved anymore, allow taller structures, weight transmitted downwards w/ pressure on walls

63
Q

Flying Buttresses

A

walls pressured due to arches, used to help distribute the weight, extensions of interior arches

64
Q

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

A

first modern Gothic cathedral, transition from Romanesque church, multiple French kings buried there

65
Q

Chartres Cathedral

A

two diff type of towers in front of the church, romanesque and gothic tower, sculptural elements on outside very column-like and frontal, don’nt interact w/ one another

66
Q

Reims Cathedral

A

reconstructed in modern age after bombed in WW2, outside sculptures, Enunciation and Visitation, figures solitary

67
Q

Renaissance

A

Italian for rebirth, re-emergence of civilization after it fell into Dark Ages, horrible time to live

68
Q

The Plague/Black Death

A

once a century major outbreak, half of European population is killed

69
Q

Altarpiece

A

wood, diptych (2 panel), triptych(3 panel, most common), polyptych (multi-panel), panels would be closed and opened on Sundays/religious days

70
Q

In Situ

A

in the original place, never moved

71
Q

Tempera

A

mixture of pigment and egg yolk, traditionally painted on wood panels

72
Q

Hieratic Scale

A

largest person is the most important

73
Q

Mimesis

A

replicate/reproduce, focus on nature

74
Q

Fresco

A

painting on fresh plaster, permanent as long as building

75
Q

Patronage

A

Wealthy families, The Church, The Guild, Civic Bodies

76
Q

Guilds

A

no matter job you belonged to a guild, similar to modern labor unions, guilds extremely competitive

77
Q

Madonna and Child Enthroned (Cimabue)

A

Byzantine/Gothic art, 12ft tall, frontal and flat, not accesible

78
Q

Madonna and Child Enthroned (Giotto)

A

first artist of the Renaissance, 10ft, mimesis, better depiction of space

79
Q

Arena Chapel

A

built on grounds of ancient Roman arena, best preservings of Giotto’s work, Meeting of Joachim and Anna, The Last Judgement

80
Q

The Meeting of Joachim and Anna/Meeting at the Golden Gate

A

improvement in interaction and emotion, lack of understanding architecture, perspective, light source

81
Q

The Last Judgement (Giotto)

A

last painting we see when exiting chapel, parton shown offering arena chapel to the Virgin Mary in repentance

82
Q

Piazza Della Signoria w/ Palazzo Della Signoria

A

statue of David originally oustide of it, war time. fortress-like building, served as a prison

83
Q

Conjectural Reconstruction of the Maesta Altarpiece

A

40 panels all together, gigantic polyptych, when it was finished it was parraded and city shut down, pieces are seperated

84
Q

Annunciation

A

9x10ft, lots of gold, shows the Angel Gabriel telling the Virgin Mary she is going the bear the Christ child, tryptych

84
Q

Annunciation

A

9x10ft, lots of gold, shows the Angel Gabriel telling the Virgin Mary she is going the bear the Christ child, tryptych

ART HIS (1 decks)

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