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Art Content Flashcards

1
Q

List the elements of art

A 
Shape
Color
Value
Texture
Line
Form
Space
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2
Q

The two kinds of texture

A

real - on 3-d surface

implied - on a 2-d surface

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3
Q

The two categories of shapes

A

geometric and organic

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4
Q

Space can refer to three kinds of grounds. What are they ?

A

Foreground
Middle ground
Background

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5
Q

Define positive space.

Define negative space.

A

Positive - subject of the artwork

Negative - area that surrounds the subject

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6
Q

Define value

A

the lightness or darkness of a color

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7
Q

Define contrast

A

difference in value

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8
Q

List the principles of design

A 
Variety
Contrast
Balance
Unity
Movement
Pattern
Emphasis
Rhythm
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9
Q

The two types of balance are

A

Symmetrical and asymmetrical

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10
Q

Give an example of contrast

A

warm and cool colors

organic and geometric shapes

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11
Q

Give an example of movement in art

A

repetition of shapes moves viewers eyes through the work

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12
Q

the elements of art are the…

A

building blocks of visual art

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13
Q

the principles of design are…

A

ways to organize the elements of art

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14
Q

the three dimensions of a form are

A

length
width
height

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15
Q

define “in the round”

A

viewing a form from all sides

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16
Q

define “relief work”

A

viewing a form from one side

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17
Q

define composition

A

how an artwork is organized

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18
Q

Drawing is a medium that was first used on cave walls as early as:

Then by Egyptians starting at:

A

10,000 B.C.

3,000 B.C.

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19
Q

During the Middle Ages, people used drawing to do this:

A

prepare for paintings

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20
Q

Art students were first taught to draw before painting and sculpting during this period:

A

The Renaissance

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21
Q

What did Renaissance artists study? What did they record?

A

study: nature
record: anatomy

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22
Q

What utensils did Renaissance artists use?

A

pen and ink

black and red charcoal

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23
Q

Rembrandt in the 1600s used pen lines to

A

to create expressive drawings

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24
Q

In the 1800’s what was first manufactured to then become widely used drawing tool?

A

pencils

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25
Q

Color has these three characteristics:

A

Hues (red, yellow, blue, green)
Intensity (how bright or dull color is)
Value (how light or dark a color is)

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26
Q

Name the primary colors:
Name the secondary colors:
Name the tertiary colors:

A

red, yellow, blue
green, violet, orange
red-yellow, red-orange, blue-green, blue-violet, yellow-orange, yellow-green

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27
Q

Historic Drawing Media: Charcoal

A

slowly burned wood

Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks were rubbed on cave walls

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28
Q

Historic Drawing Media: Red Chalk

A

it’s made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay

it was popular 16th & 17th centuries

da Vinci used it for many sketches

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29
Q

Historic Drawing Media: Black Chalk

A

is carbonaceous shale, softer than red chalk

popular in 15th century for Italy for under drawing for ink or metal point artwork

Albrecht Durer & Anthony van Dyck used it for portraits

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30
Q

Historic Drawing Media: White Chalk

A

is calcium carbonate or soapstone

used for highlights on drawings

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31
Q

Historic Drawing Media: Conte crayons

A

used in early 1800’s

red, black, white

harder than chalk and produce smoother lines vs chalk

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32
Q

Historic Drawing Media: graphite

A

1500’s

form of carbon - cut into strips and encased in wooden pencils

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33
Q

Historic Drawing Media: ink

A

liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush

pens - first made with bird feathers (quills) reeds

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34
Q

Historic Drawing Media: pencils

A

made from graphite encased in wood

they vary in a range of hardness (10H to 10B)

10 H: pencil has the hardest lead stay the sharpest and leave lightest mark on paper

10 B: pencil has the softest lead, will wear down quickly, leaves the darkest mark on paper

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35
Q

Historic Drawing Media: charcoal

A

lightweight carbon that can be found in stick form or pencil form

compressed charcoal: hard charcoal stick

Vine: thin, delicate stick
B (soft) range

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36
Q

Historic Drawing Media: tortillon

A

Piece of paper wrapped up tightly, ending in a point, that can be used to blend pencil and charcoal drawings.

Maulstick: stick with padded head used to rest and support your hand.

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37
Q

Historic Drawing Media: erasers

A

Kneaded rubber: eraser is one that can be manipulated and kneaded, can be manipulated and rolled into smaller sizes.
Pink: firm, leaves crumbs

Gum: yellowish and crumb quickly
Large brush: used to brush the eraser bits off of the paper
Dry cleaning pad: fabric bag filled with pieces of eraser that can be used to clean up fingerprints, smudges, and dust from paper.

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38
Q

Drawing Surface: parchment

A

during the Middle Ages it was made from animal skin

wasn’t really used until the 1800’s - when it became more inexpensive and was able to be produced more quickly

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39
Q

Drawing Surface: paper

what two surfaces does it come in

A

hot-pressed: paper will be smooth

cold-pressed: paper will have texture

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40
Q

Drawing Surface: paper

describe the following types of paper:

  • sketch
  • newsprint
  • illustration board
  • bristol board
A
  • sketch is thinner than drawing paper
  • newsprint is the kind of thin paper that newspapers are printed on
  • illustration board is thicker than cardboard (comes in hot-pressed or cold-pressed white surfaces)
  • bristol board is thicker than drawing paper (comes in hot-pressed or cold-pressed)
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41
Q

Drawing Surface: paper

describe the difference in smooth surface vs. rough surface

A
  • smooth surface allows for greater detail and better control of pencil marks
  • rough surface allows for looser drawing and sketching
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42
Q

what should acid free paper be used for

A

finished drawings

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43
Q

what should sketch paper and newsprint be used for

A

preliminary sketches

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44
Q

contour drawing seeks to define the

A
  • outline of an object, and it can contain as much or as little detail as the artist desires
  • can be used to quickly capture a subject or scene
  • only trying to get the outline and outer edges of a subject - does not include shading or other values
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45
Q

Blind contour drawing is used by an artist to practice:

A
  • sketching and perception
  • artist will just look at the subject and sketch without looking at the paper
  • typically reserved as a drawing exercise to help strengthen the artists hand-eye coordination
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46
Q

Gesture drawing is a technique used to:

A
  • quickly capture the action and form of a model or subject
  • usually just 30 - 60 seconds
  • loose lines, simplify and capture the essence of the subject
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47
Q

Perspective drawing is a drawing technique that shows:

A

spatial relationships and the illusion of space on a flat surface
- artists can portray a 3-D scene on a 2-D drawing

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48
Q

One point perspective

A

shows the objects in the scene receding to one point in the horizon

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49
Q

Two point perspective

A

shows the objects in the scene receding to two points in the horizon

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50
Q

vanishing points

A

points along the horizon where the objects disappear to

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51
Q

hatching

A

technique that uses closely placed parallel lines to create shading and toning

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52
Q

crosshatching

A

technique that uses hatching place perpendicular to itself, creating heavier shades and tones

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53
Q

shading

A
  • adds depth and form to an artwork
  • an object with accurate shading appear 3-D
  • area closest to the light source will have a highlight
  • farther away from the light source will gradually be shaded darker
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54
Q

critiquing drawing

A
  • describe visual facts: What do you see?
  • analyze: recognize the elements of art and how they are arranged. Do you see shapes arranged in a pattern?
  • interpret: use what you have learned so far to decide what the artist is trying to say. What is the mood of the artwork? What does the subject matter tell you?
  • judgement: Did the artist successfully use the principles of design to organize the elements of art?
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55
Q

oil painting was developed as a:

A
  • fine art painting medium in the 15th century in Northern Europe
  • towards the end of the 15th century artists began painting on canvas instead of wood
  • layer of animal glue/lead white paint was applied first
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56
Q

Jan van Eyck

A
  • first to use oil paint on wood panels in 15th century
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57
Q

oil paint is made:

A
  • from a pigment suspended in a drying oil
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58
Q

masters painters apprentices were in charge of:

A

mixing and prepping oil paints

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59
Q

watercolor has been used for cave paintings and manuscript illustrations, but it was first widely used as a fine art medium during:

A

the Renaissance

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60
Q

Albrecht Durer was one of the earliest:

A

watercolor painters

  • as seen in the Hare (1502)
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61
Q

Renaissance artists used watercolors for

A

botanical illustrations

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62
Q

watercolor paints are created by adding pigment to:

A

a gum arabi binder

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63
Q

watercolor brushes are generally made from:

A

natural (sable, squirrel) or synthetic hairs, and they have a shorter handle than oil and acrylic brushes

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64
Q

watercolors are transparent meaning they can be:

A

layered upon each other and the color underneath and white paper will show through

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65
Q

most common surface for watercolor painting is paper, which comes in _____________ and finishes __________. (2 answer sets)

A
  • hot-pressed; smooth

- cold-pressed; rough

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66
Q

egg tempera was a popular painting medium until after 1500, when oil painting became widely used instead. Tradition egg tempera paint is created by adding what:

A
  • pigment of egg yolk (which is used as a water-soluble binder)
  • white wine, vinegar, or water can be added in various proportions to keep the dried paint from cracking
  • when the yolk is exposed to air, it begins to dry, so the artist continuously adds water to keep the consistency correct for painting
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67
Q

egg tempera dries very quickly so it is applied like this:

A

in thin, transparent layers and usually with short brushstrokes

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68
Q

In the 20th century some artists began using tempera again - these are a few

A
  • Andrew Wyeth
  • Thomas Hart Benton
  • Jacob Lawrence
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69
Q

egg tempera is painted onto stiff surfaces such as:

A

wood panels of Masonite b/c flexible surfaces will allow it to crack and flake off the support

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70
Q

describe gouache

A

it is an opaque medium with characteristics similar to watercolor

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71
Q

traditionally gouache is created with:

A
  • gum arabic binder - but is also has a filler added to make the paint opaque
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72
Q

t/f

dried gouache can be rewet and reworked

A

true

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73
Q

dried gouache has a _________ finish

A

matte

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74
Q

gouache is used on these surfaces:

A

illustration board and watercolor paper

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75
Q

gouache is now manufactured as ____________ type and a newer ________ type

A

watercolor; acrylic

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76
Q

the acrylic gouache is _________. So, once it is dry it cannot be rewet

A

water resistant

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77
Q

gouache differs from acrylic paint:

A

in that it dries a matte finish and can be worked with for slightly longer

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78
Q

Painting tools: paintbrushes

A

used for oils and acrylics and generally have a longer handle than watercolor brushes

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79
Q

watercolor brushes have soft or synthetic hairs, whereas acrylic and oil brushes have:

A

stiffer natural and synthetic hairs including hog brushes

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80
Q

Drying oils such as ______ or ______ oil can be added to oil paints

A

poppy or linseed

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81
Q

drying oils can be added to oil paints to:

A

decrease drying times and thin the consistency

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82
Q

there are many types of media for acrylic paints that will decrease the drying time or change the:

A

consistency - can be thicker or thinner

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83
Q

primer is a:

A

base for painting

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84
Q

primer is commonly used with:

A

acrylic and oil painting

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85
Q

a commonly used primer is called:

A

gesso - which is essentially a water-based white paint mixture used to prepare the support

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86
Q

masking fluid

A

for watercolors - this will cover areas of the paper that are needed to stay white for highlights

after the watercolor painting is finished - the masking fluid can be removed - revealing the white paper

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87
Q

palette

A
  • can be a basic piece of wood or Masonite - or it can be more structured with divots for each color
  • a palette is used to organize and mix colors for painting
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88
Q

how long will oil paint will stay workable to allow for more time to work:

A

4 - 8 hrs

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89
Q

how fast does acrylic paint dry

A

in less than an hr

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90
Q

a finished oil painting can take up to ________ or more before it is considered dry

A

6 months

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91
Q

t/f watercolors can be rewet and washed out of the brush at any time

A

true

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92
Q

oil paints can be soaked and removed with _________ ____________

A

paint thinners

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93
Q

T/F Acrylic can be used as a base for oil paintings, but it cannot be painted on top of oils.

A

TRUE

when painting with oils it is important to remember “fat over lean” - this means that the artist should build increasingly flexible layers on top of each other

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94
Q

How long has wood been used as a painting surface?

A

Centuries - it is rigid and minimizes any flexing or cracking of the paint - it should be primed before painting on it to seal the surface

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95
Q

Paper is used for watercolor or acrylic paints but oil from the oil paints will break paper down so it is not suited for oil painting. This is used instead:

A

canvas - may also be used for acrylic

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96
Q

Paper for watercolor, acrylics, and gouache is usually thick to accommodate the amount paint and water used. Watercolor paper needs to be stretched so that it does not _______ after use.

A

warp - some come with glue around the edges to prevent warping. some will need to be taped to a surface on all 4 sides, then wet, and let dry to prepare the paper

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97
Q

_________________ is a technique used for oil and acrylic painting to create a base for a finished painting. It can lay out the highlights and shadows for a finished artwork.

A

underpainting

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98
Q

A _____________ underpainting is done with one color of paint, just to establish the layout and tone before beginning the painting.

A

tonal

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99
Q

Glazing is a technique used with:

A

oil paints

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100
Q

what is glazing

A

a technique used with oil paints to layer transparent colors over a dried opaque color - each layer is allowed to dry before another transparent layer is painted on to

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101
Q

what is drybrush

A

a technique used with water-based and oil-based paints

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102
Q

drybrushing can be used to add __________ to paintings

A

texture - it can be used for emphasis and contrast

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103
Q

what is sgaffito

A

a technique of scratching through a layer of paint to renewal the layer or surface underneath

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104
Q

how is sgaffito accomplished?

A

with a palette knife, the handle end of a paintbrush, or even a stick

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105
Q

what is wet-on-wet

A

a watercolor technique where artist paints onto already wet paper. This causes the colors to blend and bleed into/on another

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106
Q

wash is a technique of:

A

adding a large area of color to a watercolor painting

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107
Q

flat wash is:

A

a large area of one color

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108
Q

graded wash is:

A

goes from one color gradually to white or another color

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109
Q

En plein air

A

a painting technique that entails painting outdoors

1840

Claude Monet often painted en plein air - using natural light to capture scenes at a specific times of the day

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110
Q

what is alla prima?

A

a painting technique that entails painting wet oil paints onto wet oil layers that have not been allowed to dry

an alla prima painting can be completed in one sitting, unlike an oil painting with multiple layers of glazing which requires time to dry between layers

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111
Q

trompe l’oeil means

A

deceive the eye - French

meant to depict objects in a realistic way to produce the optical illusion that the objects exist in 3-d

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112
Q

foreshortening

A

refers to the use of distortion to create the illusion of an object extended into space

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113
Q

a triad on a color wheel refers to:

A

and three colors equally spaced apart

114
Q

____ refers to the use of unrelated images, materials, etc. to create a new image

A

juxtaposition

115
Q

what is the most reasonable action to take for an artist whose work requires the use of a specific hazardous product?

A

reading the product’s label and proceeding according to the label directions

116
Q

in storing printmaking supplies, it is important to store which of the following materials separately from the others?

A

nitric acid

117
Q

which of the following is most characteristic of gesture drawing?

A

action and movement

118
Q

hard-edge painting is most likely to be characterized by:

A

an even, solid paint application

119
Q

Hard-edge is a term used to refer to paintings such as those of _______ and _______

A

Frank Stella and Ellsworth Kelly

120
Q

Impasto

A

refers to the process of using thick applications of paint

121
Q

What describes a JPEG compressed digital photograph

A

the JPEG (.jpg) format compresses file size by selectively discarding data.

122
Q

what is white balance

A

a digital camera setting that can be used to keep colors accurate under a variety of light conditions

123
Q

what term best describes an artwork that incorporates theatrical elements such as: body movement, audience participation, music, and projected images?

A

performance art

124
Q

greenware

A

a term that refers to pottery that has not been bisque fired

125
Q

what is bisque firing

A

preliminary firing that is done to harden the piece prior to glazing and glaze firing

126
Q

which of the following tools is LEAST likely to be used in the process of creating a wood sculpture

A

an extruder

127
Q

an extruder is a tool used for:

A

malleable materials, such as clay

128
Q

rasps, gouges, and lathes are all used in:

A

woodworking

129
Q

in weaving the vertical and horizontal threads in a loom are called the

A

warp and weft

130
Q

fragile works of sculpture can be displayed most securely by placing the works where?

A

in glass paneled cases

131
Q

what is Kouroi

A

terms that refers to Archaic Greek statues whose poses - rigidly frontal with clenched fists - recall the stance of ancient Egyptian statues

132
Q

define arabesque

A

an intricate design of repeated lines, often in the form of plants whose leafy vines interlace

133
Q

Which of the following artists is an English landscape painter who created a poetic sense of changing atmospheric effects by using tiny applications of local color?

A

Jon Constable

  • he used delicate brush strokes to convey a sense of changing weather in works such as The Haywain.
  • his use of natural color, stippled with white, is one of the most innovative aspects of his paintings; it was central to his ability to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons
134
Q

Perhaps the best known English landscape painter of his era, John Constable used delicate brush strokes to convey a sense of changing weather in works such as:

A

The Haywain

Constable’s use of natural color, stippled with white, is one of the most innovative aspects of his paintings; it was central to his ability to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons

135
Q

The nineteenth-century photographic process used to create a daguerreotype was notable for its…..

A

ability to capture sharp detail

136
Q

the Pointillist paintings of Georges Seurat are most notable for containing what?

A

static figures and a sense of optical surface movement

137
Q

which painting typifies the dominant aesthetic of Georges Seurat’s major canvases?

A

Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jette

  • the flat, sharply defined figures are so stiff as to appear almost timeless, while the very surface of the painting seems to shimmer bc of the Pointillist technique of using thousands of precisely placed, tiny colored dots
138
Q

The contemporary artist Cindy Sherman is best known for her work in what type of media?

A

photography

139
Q

This artist is vest known for the series of conceptual portraits, such as:

  • Untitled Film Stills (1977-1980)
  • Centerfolds/Horizontals (1981)
  • History Portraits (1989-1990)
A

Cindy Sherman

140
Q

The aesthetic philosophy that claims that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries is known as……

A

institutionalism

141
Q

what is picture plane

A

the 2d surface that you create artwork on

142
Q

what is it called when figures appear multiple times in the same composition (but in different stages of a story)

A

continuous narrative

143
Q

define iconography

A

symbolic representation, especially the conventional meanings attached to an image or images

144
Q

when an element is irregular in a regular pattern, a deviation from the common rule, type, arrangement, or form is called

A

anomaly

145
Q

what is most characteristic of gesture drawing

A

action and movement

146
Q

a pen and ink drawing is visually the most similar to what technique

A

etching

147
Q

what is etching

A

a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been incised by acid. the copper plate is first coated with an acid-resistant substance, called the etching ground, through which the design is drawn with a sharp tool. The ground is usually a compound of beeswax, bitumen, and resin. The plate is then exposed to nitric acid or dutch mordant, which eats away those areas of the plate unprotected by the ground, forming a pattern of recessed lines. these lines hold the ink, and, when the plate is applied to moist paper, the design transfers to the paper, making a finished print.

148
Q

the is local color

A
  • the value of color of the surface of an object

- the natural color of a thing in ordinary daylight, uninfluenced by the proximity of other colors

149
Q

which shows the most change in value

A

cast shadow

150
Q

what is a cast shadow

A

a type of shadow that is created on a form next to a surface that is turned away from the source of light. when a form blocks the light, it causes a cast shadow to be formed. every object that blocks light has a cast shadow associated with it

151
Q

what painting technique uses no layering in its apperance

A

alla prima (wet into wet)

152
Q

why does watercolor paper contain sizing?

A

to slow down the absorption of water into the paper

153
Q

what technique results in a singular print

A

monoprint

154
Q

what is an under glaze used for?

A

the change or add color to the surface color of your clay. may also be used to change the texture of the body

155
Q

what removes air bubbles from clay

A

wedging and kneading

156
Q

what is a bas-relief

A

sculpture technique that projects from the wall

157
Q

what is it called when you move from one side of the scene and then move across the setting

A

pan

158
Q

what is a pixel

A

the smallest unit of digital artwork

159
Q

what is stop-action animation

A

clay and objects are photographed and them moved

  • is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. the object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence
160
Q

what situation is the most ideal to use a tripod

A

a dark street at night

161
Q

what is used to obtain clarity in the distance

A

optical zoom

162
Q

what is used in jewelry making to smooth out areas

A

burnishing

163
Q

what is the safest paint

A

ultramarine blue

164
Q

what is the safest way to melt wax

A

in a double boiler

165
Q

why should you compress an image

A

to transfer a file

166
Q

what is the safest way to clean a ceramic studio

A

use a wet sponge and mop down the surface

167
Q

what is the best way to dispose of turpentine

A

put into sealed container and bring it to a disposal location

168
Q

what does it mean when and art and creative materials institute seal appears on art materials

A

non-toxic

169
Q

what is the most common solvent used in studio processess

A

water

170
Q

who is the 13th century Italian painter whose work contains Byzantine characteristics

A

Cimabue

171
Q

what sculptor first utilized contrapposto in their work

A

Donatello

172
Q

Contrapposto is an Italian term that means….

A

counterpose - used in visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that it’s shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. this give the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance

173
Q

what is the most typical architectural component of an Egyptian Hypostyle Hall

A

post & lintel

174
Q

what architectural feature is NOT found in the Mosque of Cordoba

A

flying buttress

175
Q

what is Diego Rivera most known for

A

muralist

176
Q

what is the purpose of the terra cotta army in China

A

for protection after death. to protect the emperor in his afterlife, and to make sure that he had people to rule over

177
Q

Who painting Judith Beheading Holofernes

A

Artemesia Gentileschi

178
Q

the use of decorative calligraphy is tied to which religion

A

Islam

179
Q

which group often used Greek examples in their artwork

A

Romans

180
Q

what region is the Book of Kelts and the Lindisfame from

A

Celtic

181
Q

What tool was first used in the Renaissance to achieve linear perspective

A

camera obscura

182
Q

architecture of an Asian courtyard with a temple - the layout of design of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China are intended mainly as a symbolic expression of the:

A

connection between imperial and cosmic order

183
Q

what is Art Nouveau

A

a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in Western Europe and the US from about 1890 until WWI and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms

184
Q

In viewing Matisse’s Blue Nude, what is the visual focus of this artwork?

A

positive and negative shape

185
Q

what is aesthetics

A

the study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty… something that is visually pleasing

186
Q

In viewing Hokusai’s The Great Wave, what is the most visual effect used in this artwork?

A

use of solid color and bold lines

187
Q

which is the most characteristics of contour line drawing

A

outside and interior description

188
Q

which is a synthetic paint with transparent qualities and tints easily?

A

day glo orange

189
Q

what is used in ceramics

A

caliper (a measuring tool for checking symmetry and fitting lids to pots)

190
Q

which clay type used the smallest particles

A

porcelain

191
Q

what technique is used on this sculpture (Rodin - Young Girl in a Flowered Hat)

A

repousse (cast concrete sculptures)

192
Q

what is marquette

A

small model of a sculpture

193
Q

what is assemblage

A

a form of sculpture comprised of “found” objects arranged in such a way that they create a cohesive piece

194
Q

which technique produces high quality prints?

A

giclee- a neologism coined in 1991 by printmaker Jack Duganne for fine art digital prints made on inkject printers

195
Q

what is used inside quilts

A

batting

196
Q

what style of work is the line drawing/painting by Agnes Martin

A

minimalist

197
Q

what makes Agnes Martin’s piece not completely mechanical

A

subtle use of color

198
Q

What is the technique used to create variation in Mary Cassatt’s artwork?

A

aquatint - which is a process imitating the broad flat tints of ink or wash drawings by etching a microscopic crackle on the copperplate intended for printing

199
Q

what style is Andre Derain’s use of color similar to?

A

Fauvist

200
Q

the painting Cultivating the Peas is of what style?

A

American Regionalism

201
Q

what characteristics makes this artwork impressionist?

A

everyday subject matter

202
Q

what is the message of the following painting: Abraham Mignon’s Still Life of Flowering

A

Fleeting nature of life

203
Q

what artwork has been described as a shingle factory explosion?

A

Nude Descending a Staircase - Duchamp

204
Q

which artist used smufato

A

da Vinci

205
Q

what is smufato

A

a technique that consists of applying dark glaze in place of blunt color to add depth that could not be achieved otherwise

206
Q

Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello, is designed in what style

A

Neo Classical

207
Q

Max Ernst anticipated and manipulated which of the following postmodern design as a means of conveying a sense of the irrational and the illogical

A

juxtaposition

208
Q

in Michelangelo’s sculpture, above, David’s expression is best characterized as?

A

tense and watchful

209
Q

what style of artwork is Faberge known for?

A

jewelry

210
Q

what work is Maya Lin best known for

A

Vietnam Memorial in Washington D.C.

211
Q

Which artists’ work is characterized by thickly applied paint and swirling brushstrokes?

A

Vincent van Gogh

212
Q

define impasto

A

oil painting technique where paint is laid thickly and the texture of the brush or palette can be seen

213
Q

The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso is most closely associated with which of the following artistic movements?

A

Cubism

214
Q

which of the following artists created mobiles as a sculptural avenue to explore “freedom of movement, the joy of ceaseless recombination of shapes”?

A

Alexander Calder

215
Q

Strict geometry of form and a great simplicity of flat, planar colors characterize the best-known work of?

A

Piet Mondrian

216
Q

The earliest known Greek drawings (before 800 B.C.) were recorded as geometric motifs on _____.

A

pottery

217
Q

Egyptian art remained relatively stable over the centuries in large part because:

A

art was seen as closely related to Egyptian ideas of an afterlife

218
Q

Historically, Navajo artists are famous for their work with

A

silver and weaving

219
Q

Historically, Hopi artists are famous for their work with

A

Kachina dolls

220
Q

Historically, Ojibwa artists are famous for their work with

A

birch bark

221
Q

Historically, Iroquois artists are famous for their work with

A

corn husks

222
Q

Historically, Lakota artists are famous for their work with

A

beadwork and quill work

223
Q

which of the following is a clear example of post-and-lintel construction?>

A

Stonehenge

224
Q

The sculpture of Augustus from Primaporta exhibits figural quality known as

A

contrapposto

225
Q

the style of the sculpture Augustus from Primaporta and its degree of naturalism identify it as having been made in ______

A

ancient Rome

226
Q

The formulation of one-point perspective in drawing and painting during the Renaissance is credited to

A

Filippo Brunelleschi

227
Q

many mosques, such as the Great Mosque at Cordoba, are characterized by which of the following?

A

a hypostyle hall topped by large horse-shoe shaped arches

228
Q

Of the following, which is the most characteristic of the church architecture of the Romanesque period of the Middle Ages?

A

use of both barrel- and groin-vaulted ceilings made of stone

229
Q

The Battle of Hastings, which was significant in the Norman conquest of England, was portrayed in the

A

Bayeux Tapestry

230
Q

what is the Bayeux Tapestry made of

A

embroidered fabric made of wool sewn on linen

231
Q

Describe what the Bayeux Tapestry is depicting

A

a continuous frieze like, pictorial narrative of a crucial moment in England’s history and events leading up to this battle

232
Q

the sculpture David, by Donatello

A
  • 1st nude statue since ancient times
  • Donatello reinvented the classical nude
  • David is in contrapposto stance
  • David’s proportions and sensuous beauty mimic Greek Gods
233
Q

The most consistent theme in the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder was

A

the life of the peasant

234
Q

Eighteenth-century painter and graphic artist William Hogarth produced series of pictures that functioned chiefly as

A

social satire

235
Q

a defining influence on Dutch Baroque art was the

A

rise of middle-class art consumers

236
Q

the style of El Greco’s paintings can best be described as

A

Mannerist

237
Q

Goya’s Disasters of War can be seen as the prototype for which of the following works by Pablo Picasso?

A

Guernica

238
Q

The Modernist art movement that glorified the machine by stating that a “speeding motorcar …. is more beautiful than the Nike of Samothrace” was

A

Futurism

239
Q

Which of the following buildings is considered an Art Deco masterpiece?

A

The Chrysler Building, New York

240
Q

Art Deco is a descendent of

A

Art Nouveau

241
Q

Characteristics of Art Deco

A

streamlined, elongated, symmetrical aspect; simple flat shapes alternate with shallow volume in hard patterns

242
Q

Which of the following is an ancient technique that was revived by Mexican painters of the early twentieth century, such as Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco?

A

Fresco

243
Q

Large-scale public works of art such as Running Fence and Wrapped Reichstag were created by

A

Jeanne-Claude and Christo

244
Q

When a painting is described as “painterly,” it indicates that the artist has used the paint

A

in a loose, gestural way

245
Q

Which of the following design principles is exemplified by this work by Eva Hesse?

A

repetition

246
Q

The paintings of Paul Cezanne reflect the artist’s interest in which of the following?

A

the analytic use of line, plane, and color to construct visual space

247
Q

Titian’s oil painting method involved

A

multiple glazes of colors

248
Q

the term “Picture plane” refers to which of the following?

A

the flat surface on which an illusion of space is created

249
Q

negative areas in works of art are best defined as which of the following?

A

the area that is unoccupied by an object

250
Q

which of the following is considered a “plastic art”?

A

sculpture

251
Q

define plastic art

A

involves physical manipulation of a medium by modeling or molding

  • can be carved or shaped
  • ex: wood, glass, metal, stone, ceramics
252
Q

at the time that the Charters Cathedral was constructed, which of the following architectural features was an innovation that contributed to its spacious, well-lighted interior?

A

flying buttresses

253
Q

although the Charters Cathedral style’s “New light” and elegance sparked a range of responses, the prevailing view during this period came to be that physical beauty

A

was spiritually uplifiting

254
Q

Judy Chicago’s Dinner Party celebrates

A

the achievements and contributions of women throughout history

255
Q

good fortune and power

A

in chinese art, dragons generally symbolize

256
Q

which of the following artists; work falls under the category of assemblage?

A

Louise Nevelson

257
Q

What type of art does Cindy Sherman produce

A

photography

258
Q

what type of art does Dorothea Lange produce

A

photography of the Great Depression

259
Q

what type of art does Berthe Morisot produce

A

painting

260
Q

Andrea Mantegna’s ceiling painting in the Room of the Newlyweds illustrates the Renaissance’s technique of

A

trompe l’oeil

261
Q

the aesthetic theory known as formalism places an emphasis in artwork on

A

design qualities

262
Q

Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave is what medium?

A

woodcut

263
Q

Painters like Vincent van Gogh, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt all used this picture’s method of

A

eliminating the middle ground in the composition

264
Q

Caravaggio’s method of creating dramatic contrasts of dark and light, which influenced artists throughout Europe during the Baroque period, is called

A

tenebrism/chiaroscuro

265
Q

which of the following terms refer to the intensity of a color

A

saturation

266
Q

a sculptural form, often used by ancient Greeks to decorate

A

high relief

267
Q

of the following, which designation represents the softest graphite compression for a pencil

A

6B

268
Q

the most common solvent used in studio processes is

A

water

269
Q

which of the following is a drawing process that uses changes in value to represent a 3D surface

A

modeling

270
Q

which of the following terms to the liquid that holds pigment in suspension

A

vehicle

271
Q

papier-mache is best described as which of the following

A

a process of gluing multiple layers of paper onto an armature

272
Q

which of the following types of tape is most commonly used in hard-edge painting

A

masking tape

273
Q

which of the following pairs of terms refers to hand-building processes with clay?

A

coil….slab

274
Q

impasto

A

applying paint in a thick application is known as

275
Q

chromatic grey can be achieved by mixing

A

orange and blue

276
Q

the term “aperture” in photography refers to

A

lens opening

277
Q

which of the following is NOT used in pen-and ink drawing

A

stump

278
Q

in a 2D work of art, a birds’s-eye or worm’s-eye view of an object can best be achieved by using which of the following perspectives?

A

three-point

279
Q

which of the following is a pair of tools that is commonly used in printmaking

A

burin…. squeegee

280
Q

in digital photography, image sharpness is determined by

A

resolution

Praxis (1 decks)

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