Art Content Flashcards
1
Q
List the elements of art
A
Shape Color Value Texture Line Form Space
2
Q
The two kinds of texture
A
real - on 3-d surface
implied - on a 2-d surface
3
Q
The two categories of shapes
A
geometric and organic
4
Q
Space can refer to three kinds of grounds. What are they ?
A
Foreground
Middle ground
Background
5
Q
Define positive space.
Define negative space.
A
Positive - subject of the artwork
Negative - area that surrounds the subject
6
Q
Define value
A
the lightness or darkness of a color
7
Q
Define contrast
A
difference in value
8
Q
List the principles of design
A
Variety Contrast Balance Unity Movement Pattern Emphasis Rhythm
9
Q
The two types of balance are
A
Symmetrical and asymmetrical
10
Q
Give an example of contrast
A
warm and cool colors
organic and geometric shapes
11
Q
Give an example of movement in art
A
repetition of shapes moves viewers eyes through the work
12
Q
the elements of art are the…
A
building blocks of visual art
13
Q
the principles of design are…
A
ways to organize the elements of art
14
Q
the three dimensions of a form are
A
length
width
height
15
Q
define “in the round”
A
viewing a form from all sides
16
Q
define “relief work”
A
viewing a form from one side
17
Q
define composition
A
how an artwork is organized
18
Q
Drawing is a medium that was first used on cave walls as early as:
Then by Egyptians starting at:
A
10,000 B.C.
3,000 B.C.
19
Q
During the Middle Ages, people used drawing to do this:
A
prepare for paintings
20
Q
Art students were first taught to draw before painting and sculpting during this period:
A
The Renaissance
21
Q
What did Renaissance artists study? What did they record?
A
study: nature
record: anatomy
22
Q
What utensils did Renaissance artists use?
A
pen and ink
black and red charcoal
23
Q
Rembrandt in the 1600s used pen lines to
A
to create expressive drawings
24
Q
In the 1800’s what was first manufactured to then become widely used drawing tool?
A
pencils
25
Color has these three characteristics:
Hues (red, yellow, blue, green)
Intensity (how bright or dull color is)
Value (how light or dark a color is)
26
Name the primary colors:
Name the secondary colors:
Name the tertiary colors:
red, yellow, blue
green, violet, orange
red-yellow, red-orange, blue-green, blue-violet, yellow-orange, yellow-green
27
Historic Drawing Media: Charcoal
slowly burned wood
Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks were rubbed on cave walls
28
Historic Drawing Media: Red Chalk
it's made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay
it was popular 16th & 17th centuries
da Vinci used it for many sketches
29
Historic Drawing Media: Black Chalk
is carbonaceous shale, softer than red chalk
popular in 15th century for Italy for under drawing for ink or metal point artwork
Albrecht Durer & Anthony van Dyck used it for portraits
30
Historic Drawing Media: White Chalk
is calcium carbonate or soapstone
used for highlights on drawings
31
Historic Drawing Media: Conte crayons
used in early 1800's
red, black, white
harder than chalk and produce smoother lines vs chalk
32
Historic Drawing Media: graphite
1500's
form of carbon - cut into strips and encased in wooden pencils
33
Historic Drawing Media: ink
liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush
pens - first made with bird feathers (quills) reeds
34
Historic Drawing Media: pencils
made from graphite encased in wood
they vary in a range of hardness (10H to 10B)
10 H: pencil has the hardest lead stay the sharpest and leave lightest mark on paper
10 B: pencil has the softest lead, will wear down quickly, leaves the darkest mark on paper
35
Historic Drawing Media: charcoal
lightweight carbon that can be found in stick form or pencil form
compressed charcoal: hard charcoal stick
Vine: thin, delicate stick
B (soft) range
36
Historic Drawing Media: tortillon
Piece of paper wrapped up tightly, ending in a point, that can be used to blend pencil and charcoal drawings.
Maulstick: stick with padded head used to rest and support your hand.
37
Historic Drawing Media: erasers
Kneaded rubber: eraser is one that can be manipulated and kneaded, can be manipulated and rolled into smaller sizes.
Pink: firm, leaves crumbs
Gum: yellowish and crumb quickly
Large brush: used to brush the eraser bits off of the paper
Dry cleaning pad: fabric bag filled with pieces of eraser that can be used to clean up fingerprints, smudges, and dust from paper.
38
Drawing Surface: parchment
during the Middle Ages it was made from animal skin
wasn't really used until the 1800's - when it became more inexpensive and was able to be produced more quickly
39
Drawing Surface: paper
what two surfaces does it come in
hot-pressed: paper will be smooth
cold-pressed: paper will have texture
40
Drawing Surface: paper
describe the following types of paper:
- sketch
- newsprint
- illustration board
- bristol board
- sketch is thinner than drawing paper
- newsprint is the kind of thin paper that newspapers are printed on
- illustration board is thicker than cardboard (comes in hot-pressed or cold-pressed white surfaces)
- bristol board is thicker than drawing paper (comes in hot-pressed or cold-pressed)
41
Drawing Surface: paper
describe the difference in smooth surface vs. rough surface
- smooth surface allows for greater detail and better control of pencil marks
- rough surface allows for looser drawing and sketching
42
what should acid free paper be used for
finished drawings
43
what should sketch paper and newsprint be used for
preliminary sketches
44
contour drawing seeks to define the
- outline of an object, and it can contain as much or as little detail as the artist desires
- can be used to quickly capture a subject or scene
- only trying to get the outline and outer edges of a subject - does not include shading or other values
45
Blind contour drawing is used by an artist to practice:
- sketching and perception
- artist will just look at the subject and sketch without looking at the paper
- typically reserved as a drawing exercise to help strengthen the artists hand-eye coordination
46
Gesture drawing is a technique used to:
- quickly capture the action and form of a model or subject
- usually just 30 - 60 seconds
- loose lines, simplify and capture the essence of the subject
47
Perspective drawing is a drawing technique that shows:
spatial relationships and the illusion of space on a flat surface
- artists can portray a 3-D scene on a 2-D drawing
48
One point perspective
shows the objects in the scene receding to one point in the horizon
49
Two point perspective
shows the objects in the scene receding to two points in the horizon
50
vanishing points
points along the horizon where the objects disappear to
51
hatching
technique that uses closely placed parallel lines to create shading and toning
52
crosshatching
technique that uses hatching place perpendicular to itself, creating heavier shades and tones
53
shading
- adds depth and form to an artwork
- an object with accurate shading appear 3-D
- area closest to the light source will have a highlight
- farther away from the light source will gradually be shaded darker
54
critiquing drawing
- describe visual facts: What do you see?
- analyze: recognize the elements of art and how they are arranged. Do you see shapes arranged in a pattern?
- interpret: use what you have learned so far to decide what the artist is trying to say. What is the mood of the artwork? What does the subject matter tell you?
- judgement: Did the artist successfully use the principles of design to organize the elements of art?
55
oil painting was developed as a:
- fine art painting medium in the 15th century in Northern Europe
- towards the end of the 15th century artists began painting on canvas instead of wood
- layer of animal glue/lead white paint was applied first
56
Jan van Eyck
- first to use oil paint on wood panels in 15th century
57
oil paint is made:
- from a pigment suspended in a drying oil
58
masters painters apprentices were in charge of:
mixing and prepping oil paints
59
watercolor has been used for cave paintings and manuscript illustrations, but it was first widely used as a fine art medium during:
the Renaissance
60
Albrecht Durer was one of the earliest:
watercolor painters
- as seen in the Hare (1502)
61
Renaissance artists used watercolors for
botanical illustrations
62
watercolor paints are created by adding pigment to:
a gum arabi binder
63
watercolor brushes are generally made from:
natural (sable, squirrel) or synthetic hairs, and they have a shorter handle than oil and acrylic brushes
64
watercolors are transparent meaning they can be:
layered upon each other and the color underneath and white paper will show through
65
most common surface for watercolor painting is paper, which comes in _____________ and finishes __________. (2 answer sets)
- hot-pressed; smooth
| - cold-pressed; rough
66
egg tempera was a popular painting medium until after 1500, when oil painting became widely used instead. Tradition egg tempera paint is created by adding what:
- pigment of egg yolk (which is used as a water-soluble binder)
- white wine, vinegar, or water can be added in various proportions to keep the dried paint from cracking
- when the yolk is exposed to air, it begins to dry, so the artist continuously adds water to keep the consistency correct for painting
67
egg tempera dries very quickly so it is applied like this:
in thin, transparent layers and usually with short brushstrokes
68
In the 20th century some artists began using tempera again - these are a few
- Andrew Wyeth
- Thomas Hart Benton
- Jacob Lawrence
69
egg tempera is painted onto stiff surfaces such as:
wood panels of Masonite b/c flexible surfaces will allow it to crack and flake off the support
70
describe gouache
it is an opaque medium with characteristics similar to watercolor
71
traditionally gouache is created with:
- gum arabic binder - but is also has a filler added to make the paint opaque
72
t/f
dried gouache can be rewet and reworked
true
73
dried gouache has a _________ finish
matte
74
gouache is used on these surfaces:
illustration board and watercolor paper
75
gouache is now manufactured as ____________ type and a newer ________ type
watercolor; acrylic
76
the acrylic gouache is _________. So, once it is dry it cannot be rewet
water resistant
77
gouache differs from acrylic paint:
in that it dries a matte finish and can be worked with for slightly longer
78
Painting tools: paintbrushes
used for oils and acrylics and generally have a longer handle than watercolor brushes
79
watercolor brushes have soft or synthetic hairs, whereas acrylic and oil brushes have:
stiffer natural and synthetic hairs including hog brushes
80
Drying oils such as ______ or ______ oil can be added to oil paints
poppy or linseed
81
drying oils can be added to oil paints to:
decrease drying times and thin the consistency
82
there are many types of media for acrylic paints that will decrease the drying time or change the:
consistency - can be thicker or thinner
83
primer is a:
base for painting
84
primer is commonly used with:
acrylic and oil painting
85
a commonly used primer is called:
gesso - which is essentially a water-based white paint mixture used to prepare the support
86
masking fluid
for watercolors - this will cover areas of the paper that are needed to stay white for highlights
after the watercolor painting is finished - the masking fluid can be removed - revealing the white paper
87
palette
- can be a basic piece of wood or Masonite - or it can be more structured with divots for each color
- a palette is used to organize and mix colors for painting
88
how long will oil paint will stay workable to allow for more time to work:
4 - 8 hrs
89
how fast does acrylic paint dry
in less than an hr
90
a finished oil painting can take up to ________ or more before it is considered dry
6 months
91
t/f watercolors can be rewet and washed out of the brush at any time
true
92
oil paints can be soaked and removed with _________ ____________
paint thinners
93
T/F Acrylic can be used as a base for oil paintings, but it cannot be painted on top of oils.
TRUE
when painting with oils it is important to remember "fat over lean" - this means that the artist should build increasingly flexible layers on top of each other
94
How long has wood been used as a painting surface?
Centuries - it is rigid and minimizes any flexing or cracking of the paint - it should be primed before painting on it to seal the surface
95
Paper is used for watercolor or acrylic paints but oil from the oil paints will break paper down so it is not suited for oil painting. This is used instead:
canvas - may also be used for acrylic
96
Paper for watercolor, acrylics, and gouache is usually thick to accommodate the amount paint and water used. Watercolor paper needs to be stretched so that it does not _______ after use.
warp - some come with glue around the edges to prevent warping. some will need to be taped to a surface on all 4 sides, then wet, and let dry to prepare the paper
97
_________________ is a technique used for oil and acrylic painting to create a base for a finished painting. It can lay out the highlights and shadows for a finished artwork.
underpainting
98
A _____________ underpainting is done with one color of paint, just to establish the layout and tone before beginning the painting.
tonal
99
Glazing is a technique used with:
oil paints
100
what is glazing
a technique used with oil paints to layer transparent colors over a dried opaque color - each layer is allowed to dry before another transparent layer is painted on to
101
what is drybrush
a technique used with water-based and oil-based paints
102
drybrushing can be used to add __________ to paintings
texture - it can be used for emphasis and contrast
103
what is sgaffito
a technique of scratching through a layer of paint to renewal the layer or surface underneath
104
how is sgaffito accomplished?
with a palette knife, the handle end of a paintbrush, or even a stick
105
what is wet-on-wet
a watercolor technique where artist paints onto already wet paper. This causes the colors to blend and bleed into/on another
106
wash is a technique of:
adding a large area of color to a watercolor painting
107
flat wash is:
a large area of one color
108
graded wash is:
goes from one color gradually to white or another color
109
En plein air
a painting technique that entails painting outdoors
1840
Claude Monet often painted en plein air - using natural light to capture scenes at a specific times of the day
110
what is alla prima?
a painting technique that entails painting wet oil paints onto wet oil layers that have not been allowed to dry
an alla prima painting can be completed in one sitting, unlike an oil painting with multiple layers of glazing which requires time to dry between layers
111
trompe l'oeil means
deceive the eye - French
meant to depict objects in a realistic way to produce the optical illusion that the objects exist in 3-d
112
foreshortening
refers to the use of distortion to create the illusion of an object extended into space
113
a triad on a color wheel refers to:
and three colors equally spaced apart
114
____ refers to the use of unrelated images, materials, etc. to create a new image
juxtaposition
115
what is the most reasonable action to take for an artist whose work requires the use of a specific hazardous product?
reading the product's label and proceeding according to the label directions
116
in storing printmaking supplies, it is important to store which of the following materials separately from the others?
nitric acid
117
which of the following is most characteristic of gesture drawing?
action and movement
118
hard-edge painting is most likely to be characterized by:
an even, solid paint application
119
Hard-edge is a term used to refer to paintings such as those of _______ and _______
Frank Stella and Ellsworth Kelly
120
Impasto
refers to the process of using thick applications of paint
121
What describes a JPEG compressed digital photograph
the JPEG (.jpg) format compresses file size by selectively discarding data.
122
what is white balance
a digital camera setting that can be used to keep colors accurate under a variety of light conditions
123
what term best describes an artwork that incorporates theatrical elements such as: body movement, audience participation, music, and projected images?
performance art
124
greenware
a term that refers to pottery that has not been bisque fired
125
what is bisque firing
preliminary firing that is done to harden the piece prior to glazing and glaze firing
126
which of the following tools is LEAST likely to be used in the process of creating a wood sculpture
an extruder
127
an extruder is a tool used for:
malleable materials, such as clay
128
rasps, gouges, and lathes are all used in:
woodworking
129
in weaving the vertical and horizontal threads in a loom are called the
warp and weft
130
fragile works of sculpture can be displayed most securely by placing the works where?
in glass paneled cases
131
what is Kouroi
terms that refers to Archaic Greek statues whose poses - rigidly frontal with clenched fists - recall the stance of ancient Egyptian statues
132
define arabesque
an intricate design of repeated lines, often in the form of plants whose leafy vines interlace
133
Which of the following artists is an English landscape painter who created a poetic sense of changing atmospheric effects by using tiny applications of local color?
Jon Constable
- he used delicate brush strokes to convey a sense of changing weather in works such as The Haywain.
- his use of natural color, stippled with white, is one of the most innovative aspects of his paintings; it was central to his ability to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons
134
Perhaps the best known English landscape painter of his era, John Constable used delicate brush strokes to convey a sense of changing weather in works such as:
The Haywain
Constable's use of natural color, stippled with white, is one of the most innovative aspects of his paintings; it was central to his ability to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons
135
The nineteenth-century photographic process used to create a daguerreotype was notable for its.....
ability to capture sharp detail
136
the Pointillist paintings of Georges Seurat are most notable for containing what?
static figures and a sense of optical surface movement
137
which painting typifies the dominant aesthetic of Georges Seurat's major canvases?
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jette
- the flat, sharply defined figures are so stiff as to appear almost timeless, while the very surface of the painting seems to shimmer bc of the Pointillist technique of using thousands of precisely placed, tiny colored dots
138
The contemporary artist Cindy Sherman is best known for her work in what type of media?
photography
139
This artist is vest known for the series of conceptual portraits, such as:
- Untitled Film Stills (1977-1980)
- Centerfolds/Horizontals (1981)
- History Portraits (1989-1990)
Cindy Sherman
140
The aesthetic philosophy that claims that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries is known as......
institutionalism
141
what is picture plane
the 2d surface that you create artwork on
142
what is it called when figures appear multiple times in the same composition (but in different stages of a story)
continuous narrative
143
define iconography
symbolic representation, especially the conventional meanings attached to an image or images
144
when an element is irregular in a regular pattern, a deviation from the common rule, type, arrangement, or form is called
anomaly
145
what is most characteristic of gesture drawing
action and movement
146
a pen and ink drawing is visually the most similar to what technique
etching
147
what is etching
a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been incised by acid. the copper plate is first coated with an acid-resistant substance, called the etching ground, through which the design is drawn with a sharp tool. The ground is usually a compound of beeswax, bitumen, and resin. The plate is then exposed to nitric acid or dutch mordant, which eats away those areas of the plate unprotected by the ground, forming a pattern of recessed lines. these lines hold the ink, and, when the plate is applied to moist paper, the design transfers to the paper, making a finished print.
148
the is local color
- the value of color of the surface of an object
| - the natural color of a thing in ordinary daylight, uninfluenced by the proximity of other colors
149
which shows the most change in value
cast shadow
150
what is a cast shadow
a type of shadow that is created on a form next to a surface that is turned away from the source of light. when a form blocks the light, it causes a cast shadow to be formed. every object that blocks light has a cast shadow associated with it
151
what painting technique uses no layering in its apperance
alla prima (wet into wet)
152
why does watercolor paper contain sizing?
to slow down the absorption of water into the paper
153
what technique results in a singular print
monoprint
154
what is an under glaze used for?
the change or add color to the surface color of your clay. may also be used to change the texture of the body
155
what removes air bubbles from clay
wedging and kneading
156
what is a bas-relief
sculpture technique that projects from the wall
157
what is it called when you move from one side of the scene and then move across the setting
pan
158
what is a pixel
the smallest unit of digital artwork
159
what is stop-action animation
clay and objects are photographed and them moved
- is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. the object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence
160
what situation is the most ideal to use a tripod
a dark street at night
161
what is used to obtain clarity in the distance
optical zoom
162
what is used in jewelry making to smooth out areas
burnishing
163
what is the safest paint
ultramarine blue
164
what is the safest way to melt wax
in a double boiler
165
why should you compress an image
to transfer a file
166
what is the safest way to clean a ceramic studio
use a wet sponge and mop down the surface
167
what is the best way to dispose of turpentine
put into sealed container and bring it to a disposal location
168
what does it mean when and art and creative materials institute seal appears on art materials
non-toxic
169
what is the most common solvent used in studio processess
water
170
who is the 13th century Italian painter whose work contains Byzantine characteristics
Cimabue
171
what sculptor first utilized contrapposto in their work
Donatello
172
Contrapposto is an Italian term that means....
counterpose - used in visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that it's shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. this give the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance
173
what is the most typical architectural component of an Egyptian Hypostyle Hall
post & lintel
174
what architectural feature is NOT found in the Mosque of Cordoba
flying buttress
175
what is Diego Rivera most known for
muralist
176
what is the purpose of the terra cotta army in China
for protection after death. to protect the emperor in his afterlife, and to make sure that he had people to rule over
177
Who painting Judith Beheading Holofernes
Artemesia Gentileschi
178
the use of decorative calligraphy is tied to which religion
Islam
179
which group often used Greek examples in their artwork
Romans
180
what region is the Book of Kelts and the Lindisfame from
Celtic
181
What tool was first used in the Renaissance to achieve linear perspective
camera obscura
182
architecture of an Asian courtyard with a temple - the layout of design of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China are intended mainly as a symbolic expression of the:
connection between imperial and cosmic order
183
what is Art Nouveau
a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in Western Europe and the US from about 1890 until WWI and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms
184
In viewing Matisse's Blue Nude, what is the visual focus of this artwork?
positive and negative shape
185
what is aesthetics
the study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty... something that is visually pleasing
186
In viewing Hokusai's The Great Wave, what is the most visual effect used in this artwork?
use of solid color and bold lines
187
which is the most characteristics of contour line drawing
outside and interior description
188
which is a synthetic paint with transparent qualities and tints easily?
day glo orange
189
what is used in ceramics
caliper (a measuring tool for checking symmetry and fitting lids to pots)
190
which clay type used the smallest particles
porcelain
191
what technique is used on this sculpture (Rodin - Young Girl in a Flowered Hat)
repousse (cast concrete sculptures)
192
what is marquette
small model of a sculpture
193
what is assemblage
a form of sculpture comprised of "found" objects arranged in such a way that they create a cohesive piece
194
which technique produces high quality prints?
giclee- a neologism coined in 1991 by printmaker Jack Duganne for fine art digital prints made on inkject printers
195
what is used inside quilts
batting
196
what style of work is the line drawing/painting by Agnes Martin
minimalist
197
what makes Agnes Martin's piece not completely mechanical
subtle use of color
198
What is the technique used to create variation in Mary Cassatt's artwork?
aquatint - which is a process imitating the broad flat tints of ink or wash drawings by etching a microscopic crackle on the copperplate intended for printing
199
what style is Andre Derain's use of color similar to?
Fauvist
200
the painting Cultivating the Peas is of what style?
American Regionalism
201
what characteristics makes this artwork impressionist?
everyday subject matter
202
what is the message of the following painting: Abraham Mignon's Still Life of Flowering
Fleeting nature of life
203
what artwork has been described as a shingle factory explosion?
Nude Descending a Staircase - Duchamp
204
which artist used smufato
da Vinci
205
what is smufato
a technique that consists of applying dark glaze in place of blunt color to add depth that could not be achieved otherwise
206
Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, is designed in what style
Neo Classical
207
Max Ernst anticipated and manipulated which of the following postmodern design as a means of conveying a sense of the irrational and the illogical
juxtaposition
208
in Michelangelo's sculpture, above, David's expression is best characterized as?
tense and watchful
209
what style of artwork is Faberge known for?
jewelry
210
what work is Maya Lin best known for
Vietnam Memorial in Washington D.C.
211
Which artists' work is characterized by thickly applied paint and swirling brushstrokes?
Vincent van Gogh
212
define impasto
oil painting technique where paint is laid thickly and the texture of the brush or palette can be seen
213
The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso is most closely associated with which of the following artistic movements?
Cubism
214
which of the following artists created mobiles as a sculptural avenue to explore "freedom of movement, the joy of ceaseless recombination of shapes"?
Alexander Calder
215
Strict geometry of form and a great simplicity of flat, planar colors characterize the best-known work of?
Piet Mondrian
216
The earliest known Greek drawings (before 800 B.C.) were recorded as geometric motifs on _____.
pottery
217
Egyptian art remained relatively stable over the centuries in large part because:
art was seen as closely related to Egyptian ideas of an afterlife
218
Historically, Navajo artists are famous for their work with
silver and weaving
219
Historically, Hopi artists are famous for their work with
Kachina dolls
220
Historically, Ojibwa artists are famous for their work with
birch bark
221
Historically, Iroquois artists are famous for their work with
corn husks
222
Historically, Lakota artists are famous for their work with
beadwork and quill work
223
which of the following is a clear example of post-and-lintel construction?>
Stonehenge
224
The sculpture of Augustus from Primaporta exhibits figural quality known as
contrapposto
225
the style of the sculpture Augustus from Primaporta and its degree of naturalism identify it as having been made in ______
ancient Rome
226
The formulation of one-point perspective in drawing and painting during the Renaissance is credited to
Filippo Brunelleschi
227
many mosques, such as the Great Mosque at Cordoba, are characterized by which of the following?
a hypostyle hall topped by large horse-shoe shaped arches
228
Of the following, which is the most characteristic of the church architecture of the Romanesque period of the Middle Ages?
use of both barrel- and groin-vaulted ceilings made of stone
229
The Battle of Hastings, which was significant in the Norman conquest of England, was portrayed in the
Bayeux Tapestry
230
what is the Bayeux Tapestry made of
embroidered fabric made of wool sewn on linen
231
Describe what the Bayeux Tapestry is depicting
a continuous frieze like, pictorial narrative of a crucial moment in England's history and events leading up to this battle
232
the sculpture David, by Donatello
- 1st nude statue since ancient times
- Donatello reinvented the classical nude
- David is in contrapposto stance
- David's proportions and sensuous beauty mimic Greek Gods
233
The most consistent theme in the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder was
the life of the peasant
234
Eighteenth-century painter and graphic artist William Hogarth produced series of pictures that functioned chiefly as
social satire
235
a defining influence on Dutch Baroque art was the
rise of middle-class art consumers
236
the style of El Greco's paintings can best be described as
Mannerist
237
Goya's Disasters of War can be seen as the prototype for which of the following works by Pablo Picasso?
Guernica
238
The Modernist art movement that glorified the machine by stating that a "speeding motorcar .... is more beautiful than the Nike of Samothrace" was
Futurism
239
Which of the following buildings is considered an Art Deco masterpiece?
The Chrysler Building, New York
240
Art Deco is a descendent of
Art Nouveau
241
Characteristics of Art Deco
streamlined, elongated, symmetrical aspect; simple flat shapes alternate with shallow volume in hard patterns
242
Which of the following is an ancient technique that was revived by Mexican painters of the early twentieth century, such as Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco?
Fresco
243
Large-scale public works of art such as Running Fence and Wrapped Reichstag were created by
Jeanne-Claude and Christo
244
When a painting is described as "painterly," it indicates that the artist has used the paint
in a loose, gestural way
245
Which of the following design principles is exemplified by this work by Eva Hesse?
repetition
246
The paintings of Paul Cezanne reflect the artist's interest in which of the following?
the analytic use of line, plane, and color to construct visual space
247
Titian's oil painting method involved
multiple glazes of colors
248
the term "Picture plane" refers to which of the following?
the flat surface on which an illusion of space is created
249
negative areas in works of art are best defined as which of the following?
the area that is unoccupied by an object
250
which of the following is considered a "plastic art"?
sculpture
251
define plastic art
involves physical manipulation of a medium by modeling or molding
- can be carved or shaped
- ex: wood, glass, metal, stone, ceramics
252
at the time that the Charters Cathedral was constructed, which of the following architectural features was an innovation that contributed to its spacious, well-lighted interior?
flying buttresses
253
although the Charters Cathedral style's "New light" and elegance sparked a range of responses, the prevailing view during this period came to be that physical beauty
was spiritually uplifiting
254
Judy Chicago's Dinner Party celebrates
the achievements and contributions of women throughout history
255
good fortune and power
in chinese art, dragons generally symbolize
256
which of the following artists; work falls under the category of assemblage?
Louise Nevelson
257
What type of art does Cindy Sherman produce
photography
258
what type of art does Dorothea Lange produce
photography of the Great Depression
259
what type of art does Berthe Morisot produce
painting
260
Andrea Mantegna's ceiling painting in the Room of the Newlyweds illustrates the Renaissance's technique of
trompe l'oeil
261
the aesthetic theory known as formalism places an emphasis in artwork on
design qualities
262
Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave is what medium?
woodcut
263
Painters like Vincent van Gogh, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt all used this picture's method of
eliminating the middle ground in the composition
264
Caravaggio's method of creating dramatic contrasts of dark and light, which influenced artists throughout Europe during the Baroque period, is called
tenebrism/chiaroscuro
265
which of the following terms refer to the intensity of a color
saturation
266
a sculptural form, often used by ancient Greeks to decorate
high relief
267
of the following, which designation represents the softest graphite compression for a pencil
6B
268
the most common solvent used in studio processes is
water
269
which of the following is a drawing process that uses changes in value to represent a 3D surface
modeling
270
which of the following terms to the liquid that holds pigment in suspension
vehicle
271
papier-mache is best described as which of the following
a process of gluing multiple layers of paper onto an armature
272
which of the following types of tape is most commonly used in hard-edge painting
masking tape
273
which of the following pairs of terms refers to hand-building processes with clay?
coil....slab
274
impasto
applying paint in a thick application is known as
275
chromatic grey can be achieved by mixing
orange and blue
276
the term "aperture" in photography refers to
lens opening
277
which of the following is NOT used in pen-and ink drawing
stump
278
in a 2D work of art, a birds's-eye or worm's-eye view of an object can best be achieved by using which of the following perspectives?
three-point
279
which of the following is a pair of tools that is commonly used in printmaking
burin.... squeegee
280
in digital photography, image sharpness is determined by
resolution
