Art

Question 1

formal analysis

Answer 1

focuses on the visual qualities of the work

Question 2

contextual analysis

Answer 2

involves looking outside of the work of art in order to determine its meaning

Question 3

Pliny the Elder

Answer 3

wrote Natural History

Question 4

Giorgio Vasari

Answer 4

gathered the biographies of great Italian artists in “The Lives of Our Artists”

Question 5

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

Answer 5

studied stylistical development as it related to history

Question 6

Chauvet Cave

Answer 6

where the oldest paintings were found during the Old Stone Age; showed animals in red ochre and black charcoal

Question 7

Venus of Willendorf

Answer 7

stone sculptures with exaggerated bellies and breasts but undefined faces (Old Stone Age)

Question 8

Middle Stone Age

Answer 8

rock shelter paintings - showed humans for the first time and they dominated the animals

Question 9

Stonehenge

Answer 9

Salisbury Plain, England - concentric rings of sarsen and bluestone (New Stone Age)

Question 10

post and lintel construction

Answer 10

two upright pieces topped with a crosspiece (Stonehenge)

Question 11

heel-stone

Answer 11

marks the point at which the sun rises on the midsummer solstice

Question 12

Sumerians

Answer 12

built impressive structures in Mesopotamia - ziggurats

Question 13

ziggurat

Answer 13

stepped pyramids

Question 14

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 14

oldest legal code on a stone stele, currently located in the Louvre

Question 15

Ishtar Gate

Answer 15

one of the greatest works of architecture in which figures are superimposed on a walled surface

Question 16

hierarchical scale

Answer 16

uses the status of figures or objects to determine their relative sizes within an artwork (Egyptians)

Question 17

fractional representation

Answer 17

each part of body is shown clearly in an image (Egyptians)

Question 18

Tutankhamun

Answer 18

remained intact because it was cleverly hidden; found burial mask of the boy

Question 19

Cyclades

Answer 19

Aegean islands; made geometric nude female figures

Question 20

Minoans

Answer 20

Knossos on Crete; pictorial style - frescoes and pottery

Question 21

Mycenaeans

Answer 21

city of Mycenae in Greece; elaborate tombs and goldsmithing

Question 22

Early Classical Period

Answer 22

strength, simplicity, Doric columns

Question 23

Middle Classical Period

Answer 23

Parthenon is built

Question 24

Late Classical Period

Answer 24

architecture declined when Athens was defeated in the Peloponnesian War; Corinthian columns

Question 25

Hellenistic Period

Answer 25

Greek styles blended with those of Asia Minor

Question 26

Etruscans

Answer 26

rose in Italy; houses were made of brick and wood so weren’t preserved; known for bronze work

Question 27

concrete and arch

Answer 27

pioneered by the Romans

Question 28

mosaic

Answer 28

famous Byzantine art style

Question 29

Hagia Sophia

Answer 29

Byzantine church that is considered one of the greatest architectural achievements in history