Art Flashcards
Age of enlightenment
- people started to focus on science
- philosophers became popular
- believed that all ills can be solved if people used common sense and reason
- people started to learn and spread knowledge
didactic painting
narrative, explaining scenes
–where by looking at scenery, viewer will learn
neo-classical style painting
- look back to greek and roman ideas
1. rep of great thinkers (plato, arristotle)
2. idea human form
3. love and glorification of city
–was getting too out of hand. wanted structure (WHY)
look at oath of horatii
romanticism qualities
- rep. of great thinkers (plato,aristotle,socrates)
- idea human form
- love and glorification of city
TITLE: Experiment on a bird in the air pump
ARTIST: wright
SIGNIFICANCE: lunar society.
PERIOD: enlightenment
- the goal was to popularize science
- science can revive life
- the girls are scared, and the men are telling them that it is okay
- open composition
- moon outside of window is the lunar society
- drama
- tenebrism (the new light is science, not religion)
TITLE: oath of horatii
ARTIST: David
PERIOD: enlightenment
SIGNIFICANCE:
- 4 yrs before revolutionary of france
- painting made in rome
- story: warfare between rome and alba (each chose 3 peope. rome chose horatii brothers who won
- the brothers made an aoth to fight till death
- relatives are mourning of the battle to come.
- a sister had a husband of alba and after victory, she is killed so being sad over death of husband
- highlights love of country and sacrifice and virtue
- david influence: roman arches and shollow space
- linear persp.
- firm contours and look at drapers.
- geometry evokes emotion of rationality
- vanishing point is where the hands meet
TITLE: The apotheosis of Homer
ARTIST: Ingres
PERIOD: enlightenment
SIGNIFICANCE: artist was classical guy
- back drop is ironic
- homer is defined by winged victory
- at feet: are red and green (showing iliad and odyssey
- famous people in painting
- reminds us of school of athens
Development of romanticism 2
- creativity, imagination,free spirits
- people started to see the negatives of logic and reason
- thought relying on reasons was dangerous
- natural world
- social or politcal commentary
- landscape paintings
TITLE: The Nightmare
ARITIST: Fuseli
PERIOD: romanticism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- Fuseli was born in switzerland and he grew up in a very freee loving and independent household
- glorifying dreams and irrational
- based on swiss legend: evil demon (incubus) would perch atop young virgins while sleeping and give them erotic nightmares (horse: night!)
- people loved it!
- encouraged fuseli to give it to engraver so people could make copies of it
- OBV freud hung this in his office :p
3 kinds of romatic paintings
landscape,didactic, and
TITLE: The third of may
ARITIST: Goya
PERIOD: romanticism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- shows the psychological torture of being murdered
- read painting back to front-like a narrative story
- this is a social-political commentary
- goya like rembrandt and velazquez
- this painting documents the massacre on may 3, it is based on a ture historic incident (when napolean was fighting spain in 1800, soldiers took random sample of spanish citizens and executed them)
- physical and psychological horror of war
- white shirt man: martyr,jesus pose. eyebrows are angled to give expression
- other vicitims are SO overcome with emotion, hands are very expressive
- soldiers are very dehumanized: they have no emotion and act liek its a routine job.
TITLE: raft of the medusa (16’ x 23’)
ARTIST: gericault
PERIOD: romanticism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- social political commentary
- the story is based on third of may, a group of french colonists head to senegal. they were stuck so captain and officers took life boats and stranded the passengers. The passengers built a raft and only 15 survived because they ate human flesh.
- shows the struggle and hope of people
- used crossed diagnal: (1(bottom L): hope 2(top L): despair)–more dramatic
- the message is that the wealthy are very selfish
- the balck man is hiolding the warning flag- shows how no one can really be free
- musculature of victims: noble strength
TITLE: Monk by the sea
ARTIST: friedrich
PERIOD: romanticism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- transcendentalist view
- god is present everywhere in nature, human beings should be in awe of that
- monk is small and facing the landscape
- viewers sort of take the place of the monk
- there is no border or frame
Romantic landcape painters and WHY
- to show viewers how serene and peaceful nature is (having a god-like presence)
- nature is a powerful,turbulant force that should be feared
- pleine-air: coming outside to paint
TITLE: the slave ship
ARTIST: turner
PERIOD: romanticism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- some refer to it as a social commentary on slavery
- turbulant and destructive nature of nature
- great foreshadowing of the era to come
Ecole des beaux-arts
- it was a school of fine arts that was governemnt run.
- it had strict aesthetic standards
1. emphasize historical/mythological subject matter
2. draw in manner of renaissance masters
> then a jury would judge in local art competitions which would take place at salons
- artist became frustrated because many submitted works and jury even refused works that fit the standards.
- so napolean III created an exhibition of refused works (salon des refuses).
- manet inspired artises to challenge the inital salon power. they made thier own exhibit (30 rebeliious artists)
- the critics hated this, but the public was intrigued.
Le dejeuner sur l’herbe-salon des refuses
- manet is the artist
- it had a different style than the norm
- took figure of woman and flattened her out (looks like a stick on, she is not blended
- the spotlight is on her
how did the term impressionism come to be?
-a journalist saw manet’s impression sunrise and said it was not realist. that is how impressionism came to be
the 6 impressionist characteristics
- painted modern day slice of life scenes of paris
- included flaneur
- used sketchy/impressionist way of applying paint (dabs of color)
- pleine-air painting (going outside and painting)
- portraying effects of land and color on landscape
- paint asymmetrically: came from influential japanese prints
French flaneur
- character in french society
- fashionable
- good mannered
- knew about all the gossip and once in awhile would critique them
- ART: appeared as either detective or looker
1. detective: amateur. (he would be in the painting or the scene painted would force us to take on the role)
2. male looker: would awkwardly look at women. either they would be i n painting or audience would have to assume the role.
TITLE: Women of a cafe terrace,evening
ARTIST: degas
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- painting of prostitutes with flaneur involved.
- paris was being reconstructed at the time and moderninzing so all of the narrow streets where prostitutes looked for customers were gone. the police could now see the illegal activeity so the girls had to be more discreet
- the painting portray woman solicitating.
- flaneur detective: shadowy figure, audience has to figure out the story of the painting(ex. man is the one that wants the girls
- by using the clues from the painting, audience has to make up the story
TITLE: the umbrellas
ARITIST: renoir
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- kind of like a game
- painted towards man’s perspective
- we are the flaneur(male looker), we are challenged to flirt and get the older girl. )the basket in her hand determines she is of lower class and usually men would be chivelrous toward these types)
- however, time is running out and we have to act quickly because 1. there is a man looking at her
2. the little girl is staring at us as if she knows what is going on, so if her mother sees, we’re done for!
TITLE: la loge
ARTIST: renoir
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- woman at a performance, she is watching something
- we are supposed to be across from her in the theater
- we are supposed to look at her because
1. man is NOT looking at her (up because of the prositutes hang out up there)
2. paints flowers near her breast. lowcut shirt
3. woman’s makeuo: mask like, objectified. she is not intrested in the play, she is posing for men
TITLE: Le dejeuner sur l’herbe
ARTIST: manet
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- he was the first feminist painter out of choice
- refer to the awesome style with the salon de refuses
- woman is naked but she is sheltering her body, not showing us and not objectifying herself
- looking at us: looking back at you with a sassy/accusatory look.
- the longer you look at it, the more you feel like you’re invading
- manet is challenging the lookers. it is NOT acceptable to stare,gentleman :p
TITLE: olympia
ARTIST: manet
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- prositute girl waiting for customers, she is very confident.
- she is supposed to represent the famous french prostitiute olympia
- her accessories(ribbon) give her power
- her hand placement looks as if she;s going to get up
- she is in an upright body position
- she is looking a little bit down at us: overpowering us
- the servant is probably telling her that someone is here to see her, but the servant seems scared of her and nervous to approach her
- the bracelet with the locket signifies she has a relationship, as if to say prostitution is only a business for me, dont dare try anything
- black cat: looks terrifying, superstitous aspect.
-contrast to venus of urbino by titian!
TITLE: A bar at the folies-bergere
ARTIST: manet
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- at the top left hand corner, you see a trapeze woman’s legs
- performance is secondary to the barmaid’s facade or appearance
- she is not posing or looking confident
- the style of the painting is textbook impressionist
- bar:show and drinks
- making commentary on appearance: people are more concerned about each other and how they look rather than actual show
- woman’s eyes: emptiiness,sadness,longing to be somewhere else
- if its her reflection in the back: she is acting the part but she is not mentally there
-
TITLE: Woman in black at the opera
ARTIST: cassat
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- sonce cassat could not go to cafe and bars, she painted in private setting
- the woman is actually using the watch glasses and has no date
- has a determined stance and conservative outfit.
- some man is looking at her and she is looking at the show. the man only sees an intelligent woman
TITLE: 5 o clock tea
ARTIST: Cassat
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- closer together: more comfortable with each other
- they stick out of background(stuff is off to side)–woman are higlighted
- woman’s face (eyes) deep in thought
COMPARE WITH A FRIENDLY CALL
TITLE: A friendly call
ARTIST: William meritt chase
SIGNIFICANCE:
- clothes have a frilly appearance
- woman has parisol indoors, wearing hat with a parisol
- woman look gosspiy and being superficial
- there is distance between them
- textile paintings in the back: fit right in, woman are objectified and seem to blend in.
USED TO CONTRAST WITH 5 O’CLOCK TEA
TITLE: Little girl in a blue armchair
ARTIST: cassat
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- questioning nature vs nurture (do feminine qualities determine from nature or nurture
- girl is resisting nurture and the gown is up so she is not sitting in a lady like manner.
TITLE: little dancer of fourteen years
ARTIST: degas
PERIOD: impressionism
SIGNIFICANE:
- degas made 150 wax sculptures (later people made bronze castings out of them)
- made at end of his life when eye sight was going bad
- did it in wax (temperalnels)
- innovative (real fabric) and controversial
- controversial because:
1. used very poor dancer as model (marie). poor dancers were used as prostitutes to get money for dance classes.
2. poise and face expression is very aggressive and confident VS. traditional:graceful. - many didnt like the the sculpture and found her very ugly( primitive,ape like)
TITLE: kitchen table
ARTIST: cezanne
PERIOD: post impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
* ID kitchen table (post-imp) : use specific details from painting to explain how cezanne was innovative in areas of color and space
- SPACE:
- mutliple view points
- looking down at table
- looking to the basket fromt eh side
- purpose: you see multipole different persepctives of the table, so you are actively scanning
- COLOR:
- to create shadows and depth (use purple on ginger pot,not black)
- purpose: mass and depth. and solidity with color
TITLE: Sunday afternoon on the island of la grande jatte
ARTIST: seurat
PERIOD: post impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE:
- neo-impressionsim: not pleine air. takes multi0ple painting and sping his view on it
- clothing is the same so class distinction is blurred
- 6 months of sketches to do the full thing
1. criticizing bourgois of excessive attitude. calling upon working people to tell them that is not imp., we should be focused on love - la grande jatte: btwn wealthy pop. and low class po. (both classes would merge)
- shows a sunday because it was the day of leisure
- in real life, the park is very hectic. painting is still and quiet to show tension between classes.
- illusion of space
- bringing back sense of timelessness
- symbolism: to distinguish between classes
UPPER CLASS
>prostitute: uptight pose of woman
>monkey: fm monkey is a slang for the word prostitute
>dog: lap dogs found with prostitutes
>woman holding fishing pole: fishing for lovers
LOWER CLASS
> man relaxing: no symbols
-clear contour : 3D
TITLE: the potato eaters
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post imp
SIGNIFICANCE:
influenced by rembrandt.
these people worked very hard to provide their food.
- trying to show people how hard it must be and evoke a willingness to help
- he did a sketch called sorrow which was a drawing of a prositute and where he ponders how a woman can be lonely and deserted. he took care of her and her child and even offered to marry her
TITLE: self portrait with grey felt hat
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post impressionism
SIGNIFICANCE: one of his 40 self portraits
used impasto which is thick application of paint
TITLE: vincent’s bedroom
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post-imp
SIGNIFICANCE: introduced phenomenological space: paint from your memory (tippy and tilted frames which is how van gogh saw his room
-cezanne influenced
TITLE: self portrait with bandaged ear and pipe
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post imp
SIGNIFICANCE: his epileptic seizure while shaving story influenced this painting
TITLE: sunflowers’
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post imp
SIGNIFICANCE: discovered the power of the son and wanted to give people that power through sunflowrs
- wanted to sell them for 40 cents so everyone could have access
- ironically, this painting is worth millions
TITLE: starry night
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post imp
SIGNIFICANCE:
paints from hospital window
- hope for love in next world
- when you die, you go up to a star and have life on a star
- tree connecting earth and sky
- bright star is venus which is symbol of love
TITLE: portrait of dr.gachet
ARTIST: van gogh
PERIOD: post imp
SIGNIFICANCE: admired him
- gachet said: it is art that will ensure van gogh’s survival
- crow painting was his last
- red vinyard painting was the only one he ever sold in lifetime
