ART 151-Final Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
Intro: Elements of Art
Define:
1. Medium
2. Style
3. Iconography
4. Perspective
5. Composition
A
- Medium: the material of the artist
- Style: a manner of execution typical of an identifiable group (i.e. an individual, a time period, a school)
- Iconography: the analysis of art through symbolism
- Perspective: an illusion of depth
- Composition: the arrangement of elements within the work
2
Q
Intro: Elements of Art
Explain the difference between formalism and contextualism
A
Formalism: appearance based analysis of a work of art
Contextualism: historical based analysis of a work of art
3
Q
Intro: Elements of Art
Explain the difference between form and content
A
Form: The total effect of every element of the work combined
Content: The meaning of the work
4
Q
Ancient Greece
Offer background on Greek city-states
A
- Between 7-6th BC (700-500 BC) city-states become communities
- Athens new democracy inspires changes in art
- Monumental temples made of stone instead of wood emerge
5
Q
Ancient Greece
What is this a picture of?
A
Acropolis
6
Q
Ancient Greece
Offer a history of the Parthenon and Acropolis
A
- 480 BC: Persians sack Acropolis
- 479 BC: Greeks don’t rebuild Acropolis as a reminder
- 450 BC: Peace with Persia
- 447-432 BC: Parthenon is built
- 5th century AD: Cult figure of Athena inside the parthenon is looted and destroyed by Roman Emperor
- 6th century AD: Parthenon converted into a Catholic Church
- 1456: Ottomans conquest over Athens, turn Parthenon into Mosque
- 1967: Greek government begins Parthenon restoration
400-300 BC = 4th century BC
7
Q
Ancient Greece
Name the 13 different parts of this structure
A
- Geison
- Frieze
- architrave
- Capital
- Column
- Eentablature
- Sterobate
- Base
- Echinus
- Abacus
- Triglyph
- Metrope
- Volute (only Ionic)
8
Q
Ancient Greece
Name the difference between Doric and Ionic friezes
A
- Doric: Presence of triglyphs, less adorned, more masculine and stoic
- Ionic: continous frieze, skinnier and more adorned, feminine
9
Q
Which order is this?
A
Ionic
10
Q
Which order is this?
A
Doric
11
Q
Ancient Greece
Explain the significance of Metropes
A
They depict general themes of Greek myths
12
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Name the four periods (and dates) of Ancient Greek Art
A
- 9th-7th century BC (900-600 BC): Geometric Period
- 6th century BC (600-500 BC): Archaic Period
- 5th century BC (500-400 BC): Classical Period
- 4th century BC (400-300 BC): Late Classical Period
13
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
What is Humanism?
A
An approach to art that focuses on the human condition over the divine
14
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Name the time period and name of this sculpture:
A
Kouros Figure
Archaic Period
600 BC
15
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Name the time period and name of this sculpture:
A
Kore, Lady of Auxerre
Archaic Period
650-625 BC
16
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Name the time period and name of this sculpture:
A
Peplos Kore
Classical Period
530 BC
17
Q
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Name the time period, the name of this sculpture, and it’s significance:
A
Kritios Boy
Late Classical Period
480 BC
Early appearance of contraposto
18
Q
The Image of Christ
Give a Brief History of the Later-Hellenistic/Greco-Roman period (also called the Early Christian Period) (1st-4th century)
A
- 146 BC (1st century BC): Roman invasion of Greece
- 31 BC (1st century): Greece absorbed into Roman Empire
- 50-60 AD (1st cen.): Establishment of Christian communities in Greece
- 313 AD (4th cen.): Edict of Milan allowed for religious tollerance in Milan (for Christians)
19
Q
The Image of Christ
Give a history of cultural developments from the Early Christian Period to the Byzantine Period
A
- 2nd-5th cen. (100-500 AD) Early Christian Period
- 2nd-4th cen. (100-400 AD): Catacombs
- 306-337 AD (4th cen.): Constantine becomes Roman Emperor
- 476 AD (5th cen.): Fall of Western Roman Empire
- 5th-14th cen. (400-1400 AD): Byzantine/Medival Style
20
Q
The Image of Christ
Characterize Early Christian Art
A
Early Christian Art evolved from avoiding images of Christ in fear of idolatry, to fully depicting him in his divinity
21
Q
The Image of Christ
Identify the name and the time period of this work:
A
The Good Shepard Catacomb
Early Christian/Greco-Roman/Late-Hellenistic Period
4th century
22
Q
The Image of Christ
Identify the name and the time period of this work:
A
Christ as Good Shepard
Byzantine Period
425 AD (5th century)
23
Q
The Image of Christ
Characterize the difference between Byzantine and Greek art
A
While Greek art focused on humanity, Byzantine art focused on the divine to escape turmoil, thus rendering their art more flat and less realistic
24
Q
The Image of Christ
Identify the time period and name of this work:
A
Emperor Justinian and His Attendants
Byzantine Period
547 BC (6th century)
25
# The Image of Christ
How are the four Evangalists (St. John, St. Luke, St. Matthew, and St. Mark) depicted in Byzantine art?
1. St. John : Eagle
2. St. Luke : Ox
3. St. Matthew : Angel
4. St. Mark : Winged lion
26
# Gothic Art
List the three major phases of the Gothic Period
1. 1150-1250 (12th-13th cen.): Gothic Architecture
2. 1220-1420 (13th-15th cen.): Gothic sculpture
3. 1300-1350 (14th cen.): Gothic painting (in Italy)
27
# Gothic Art
Give a history of the Gothic Peroid
1. ** Gothic architecture was the result of a peaceful and prosperous Europe**
2. Education was no longer confined to monestaries in the country - Universities founded in urban centers
3. Agriculture became more efficient, ushering in prosperity, urban growth, and the middle class (bozos)
4. Collapse of feudalism are rise of guilds proffited the middle class
28
# Gothic Art
Identify the name, time period, and significance of this work:
Saint Denis Catheral, France
Gothic, 1135-late 1200s (12th-13th cen.)
The first Gothic structure, creating a completely new and revolutionary atmosphere
29
# Gothic Art
Name the unique characteristics of Gothic Architecture
1. Butresses: outward support structures
2. Pointed arches
3. Many windows (mostly circular and pointed)
4. Stained glass
5. The verticality of structure
30
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period and name of this structure
Notre Dame, France
Gothic Period, 1163-1250 (12th-13th cen.)
31
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period and name of this structure
Cologne Cathedral, France
Gothic Period, 1248-1880
32
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period, name, and significance of this work:
Death of the Virgin
Strasbourg Cathedral, France
Gothic Period, 1230 (13th cen.)
Drapery informs movement, and facial expressions convey emotions --> signifies a return to humanism
33
# Gothic Art
Describe the cultural circumstances during the end of the Gothic Period (1200-1400) that gave rise to the Early Italian Renaissance
1. Greek and Roman texts preserved by Muslim scholars resurface
2. A return to Humanism and reason usher the Reneissance
34
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period, artist, and significance of this piece:
Duccio
Gothic Period (1308)
Beginning to see more perspective and realism
35
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period and artist:
Christ Entering Jerusalem
Giotto
Gothic Period (1305)
36
# Gothic Art
Identify the time period and artist:
Christ Entering Jerusalem
Duccio
Gothic Period (1308)
37
# Flemish Painting
Describe 15th century (1400-1500) Flemish painting
1. Occured in Flanders, Belgium
2. Corresponds with the Northern Renaissance, but viewed as a separate event
38
# Flemish Painting
Identify the name, artist, time period, and the iconorgaphy of this piece:
Merode Alterpiece
Robert Campin
Flemish Period (1425)
Iconography:
1. Vase: virginity
2. White flowers: purity
3. Extinguished candle: presence of holy spirit
4. Mouse trap: traps the devil
39
# Flemish Painting
Identify the name, the artist, the time period, and the significance of this piece:
Crucifixion and Last Judgement
Jan Van Eyck
Flemish Period (1420)
Use of atmospheric perspective
40
# Flemish Painting
Name major artists from the Flemish Period (15th century)
1. Jan Van Eyck
2. Robert Campin
41
# Flemish Painting
Name the artist, title, and time period of this piece:
Ghent Alterpiece
Jan Van Eyck
Flemish Period (1432)
42
# Flemish painting
Name the title, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan Van Eyck
Flemish Painting (1434)
43
# Early Renaissance
Where did the Early Renaissance begin? Why did it begin there?
1. Began in Florence, Italy 1400-1500 (15th cen.)
2. Florence was a very wealthy Italian city-state that wanted to become the new Athens, thus sponsoring public projects
44
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, time period, and significance of this piece:
St. Mark
Donatello
Early Italian Renaissance (1411-13)
Amazingly life-like, a move towards humanism
45
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, significance, and time period of this piece:
David
Donatello
Early Italian Renaissance (1425)
First Classical free standing nude
46
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Holy Trinity
Masaccio
Early Italian Renaissance (1401-28)
47
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Expulsion from Paradise
Masaccio
Early Italian Renaissance (1425)
48
# Early Reniassance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Announciation
Fra Angelico
Early Italian Renaissance (1438-47)
49
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Madonna and Child with Angels
Fra Filippo Lippi
Early Italian Renaissance (1460-65)
50
# Early Renaissance
Explain how the Early Italian Renaissance is characterized
1. A move towards the classical and the humanist --> inspired by Greco-Roman ideals
2. A mixture of myth and religion
51
# Early Renaissance
Identify the artist, name, and time period of this piece:
Primavera
Botticelli
Early Italian Renaissance (1480-1490)
52
# Early Renaissance
Identify the artist, name, and time period of this piece:
The Birth of Venus
Botticelli
Early Italian Renaissance (1482)
53
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Mystic Nativity
Botticelli
Early Italian Renaissance (1500)
54
# Early Renaissance
Explain Neo Platonic philosphy
Neo Platonic philosphy is the merging of myth and religion because everything is viewed as coming from the same source
55
# Early Renaissance
What were the circumstances that pushed the Early Renaissance into the High Renaissance in the 16th century?
1. Giorlamo Savonarola critisized Forentine art movement as impious
2. He caused a large political divide in Florence
3. Pushed the Renaissance to southern Italy (i.e. Rome) where it would become the High Renaissance
4. Content turned strictly religious
56
# Early Renaissance
Identify the artist, title, significance, and time period of this piece:
St. Francis in Ecstacy
Bellini
Early Italian Renaissance (1485)
One of the first to capture realistic outdoor lighting
57
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Madonna on the Meadow
Bellini
Early Italian Renaissance (1500)
58
# Early Renaissance
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Hunt in the Forest
Uccello
Early Italian Renaissance (1460)
59
Name the major artists of the High Renaissance
1. Raphael
2. Michelangelo
3. Da Vinci
60
What was the time of the High Renaissance?
Approx. 1495-1520
61
Identify the name, artist, significance and time period of this piece:
Madonna of the Rocks
Leonardo Da Vinci
High Renaissance (1490)
First use of chiaroscuro
62
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Lady with an Ermine
Da Vinci
High Renaissance (1489-91)
63
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Madonna del Prato
Rapheal
High Renaissance (1505)
64
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The School of Athens
Rapheal
High Renaissance (1509-11)
65
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Last Judgement
Michelangelo
High Renaissance (1541)
66
Explain late 16th century political strife in Europe, and how it helped the Renaissance transition into Mannerism
1. 1517: Martin Luther begins the Protestant Reformation, marking a decline in Christian imagery
2. 1546-64: Counter-reformation begins with the Council of Trent
3. Reaffirmed Christian doctorine against Protestants
4. Rendered art more emotional and Christian
67
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Burial of Count Orgaz
El Greco
Mannerism (1586)
68
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Christ in the House of Levi
Paolo Veronese
Mannerist (1573)
69
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Last Supper
Tintoretto
Mannerism (1594)
70
When did the Baroque period begin and why
1. Later 16th century untill 1750s
2. Begins in Italy and Spain
2. The Scientific Revolution undermines the Church's authority, and a revival of Christian values begins in art as a response
71
Characterize the Italian and Spanish Baroque period
1. Emotional, unrestrained, non-classical
2. A return to the direct study of nature and depiction of realism
3. Architecture is oval and has elements of palsticity
72
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Rape of Proserpina
Bernini
Italian Baroque (1621-22)
73
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
David
Bernini
Italian Baroque (1623)
74
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Calling of St. Matthews
Caravaggio
Italian Baroque (1600)
Note the use of tenebrism
75
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Maids of Honor
Valesquez
Spanish Baroque (1656)
76
Why was there a separation between southern and northern Baroque
1. 16th cen. Netherlands came under Spanish rule
2. Protestant northern provinces break away and form the Dutch republic
3. Southern was more religious (Flanders) Northern art moved away from depiction of religious figures (Holland)
77
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Elevation of the Cross
Reubens
Flemish Baroque (1610)
78
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Venus and Adonis
Reubens
Flemish Baroque (1635)
79
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
Rembrandt
Dutch Baroque (1632)
80
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Blinding of Samson
Rembrandt
Dutch Baroque (1639)
81
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Letter
Vermeer
Dutch Baroque (1666)
82
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
The Feast of St. Nicholas
Steen
Dutch Baroque
83
Identify the name, artist, and time period of this piece:
Vanitas
Steenwyck
Dutch Baroque (1660)
84
Explain the Rococo, Neoclassical, and Romantic period
1. Rococo
