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ARRT practice questions > ARRT practice questions > Flashcards

ARRT practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which material to use as primary shielding around beta-emitting radionuclide, such as phosphorus-32?

A

Plexiglas, bc absorbers w/ larger atomic nuclei produce more Bremsstrahlung radiation than absorbers w/ smaller atomic nuclei

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2
Q

Amount of ionizing radiation from natural environment a person receives in U.S. per year

A

3 millisieverts (mSv)

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3
Q

When X-rays strike human body, which may occur?

A

-Cells may be damaged, leading to cell death or cell repair
-Cells may be damaged, then repaired incorrectly, leading to disease
-X-rays may pass thru body, or bounce off it, without affecting cells

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4
Q

Tech receives ionizing radiation exposure of 2uSv sitting 1 meter from X-ray source. If tech moves 3 meters away from source, what would be exposure?

A

0.22 uSv

Inverse square law.
Distance tripled 1 to 3
3 squared = 9
2 divided by 9 = 0.22

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5
Q

Typical pairing of radiation source & dosage

A

40 millisievert (mSv) for adult patient w/ full body CT scan

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6
Q

Iodine-125 is low-energy gamma-emitting isotope used in brachytherapy for certain tumors, such as carcinoma of prostate. Which is most accurate regarding type of hazard this isotope presents?

A

More dangerous when exposure is internal bc it’s taken up easily by thyroid gland

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7
Q

X-rays & gamma rays are absorbed effectively by ____

A

Lead
Barium sulfate
Depleted uranium

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8
Q

Linear no-threshold model (LNT) of radiation biological effects is derived EXCEPT ___

A

Cells have capability of repairing radiation-induced damage to DNA

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9
Q

Which of following materials are effective in shielding against alpha radiation?

A

Lead aprons
Glass window
Surgical scrubs

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10
Q

Radiation dose limit over course of a pregnancy

A

5 millisieverts (mSv)

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11
Q

Amount of energy converted to X-rays when electrical current is supplied to X-ray tube

A

Approximately 1% of energy converted to X-rays

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12
Q

Voltage supplied to X-ray tube

A

30 to 150 kilovolts (kV)

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13
Q

Which of following is true regrading tomography?

A

Positron emission tomography (PET) makes use of device that detects gamma rays

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14
Q

Beam of X-ray photons leaving X-ray tube focus can be described as having a ___ nature

A

heterogenous – emitted photons have variety of energies

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15
Q

Which is functional study to demonstrate degree of AP motion in cervical spine?

A

Flexion & extension laterals

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16
Q

Contraction & expansion of arterial walls w/ forceful contraction & relaxation of heart is called ___

A

pulse

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17
Q

Annual dose limit of student radiographer younger than 18 years

A

0.1 rem (1mSv)

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18
Q

Which can be transmitted via infected blood?

A

HIV
xx TB
xx lyme disease
xx dengue fever

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19
Q

Patient’s feeling of spinning, or room spinning about him

A

veritgo

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20
Q

Principal function of X-ray beam filtration

A

Reduce patient skin dose
xx - reduce scatter radiation
xx - reduce image noise
xx - reduce operator dose

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21
Q

Protective control booth of radiographer is a ___ barrier

A

secondary

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22
Q

Most common site for intravenous injection of contrast agents

A

antecubital vein

–when antecubital vein is not accessible, then basilic vein is used

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23
Q

Apex of heart is formed by the ___

A

left ventricle

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24
Q

To reduce back strain w/ transferring patients from stretcher to X-ray table, you should ____

A

pull the patient

xx - bend at the waist & pull

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25
Q

Dose of 0.25 Gy or 25 rad to fetus during 3rd/4th week of pregnancy is more likely to cause ____

A

skeletal anomalies
(occurs during weeks 1-4)

xx - neurologic anomalies (occurs during weeks 5-8)

26
Q

Which pathologic condition requires increase in exposure factors?

A

ascites

xx - obstructed bowel

27
Q

Period of development when fetus is most radiosensitive

A

first trimester

28
Q

Patient recumbent position w/ head lower than the feet

A

Trendelenburg position

29
Q

Myelography - contrast medium is injected into the ___

A

subarachnoid space between 3rd & 4th lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

Best way to control voluntary motion

A

Patient suspends respiration

xx - short exposure time

31
Q

QC program is for ___

A

Film processors
X-ray equipment
CT scanners

32
Q

Which factors affect radiation damage to biological tissue?

A

Radiation quality
Absorbed dose
Size of irradiated area

33
Q

Involuntary motion caused by ____

A

Peristalsis
Pain
Spasm

34
Q

Sources of secondary radiation include:

A

Leakage radiation
Scatter radiation

xx - Background radiation
xx - Cosmic radiation

35
Q

Which is NOT associated w/ acute abdominal distress?

-Extreme diarrhea
-Rigid abdomen
-Nausea/vomiting
-Extreme thirst

A

Extreme diarrhea

36
Q

Advantages of 35mm cine film vs. 16mm cine film

A

Larger filming area = higher resolution
Recording of more info

xx - less expensive

37
Q

What to perform when adult patient experiences cardiac/respiratory arrest?

A

Call a code & begin CPR

xx - assess brachial pulse

1st location: carotid pulse
2nd location: femoral pulse
Infants: brachial pulse

38
Q

What part of X-ray tube is negative side & has 2 primary parts: a filament & focusing cup

A

Cathode

39
Q

Which is true if matrix size increases, yet FOV (field of view) is unchanged?

A

Pixel size decreases
Resolution increases

40
Q

Collimator tests must be made to be accurate within ____

A

2% of SID

41
Q

Type of crystal used in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry system

A

Aluminum oxide

42
Q

To demonstrate apophyseal joints of lumbar vertebrae within AP projection, the patient is rotated how many degrees?

A

45 degrees

43
Q

Increasing kVp of X-ray beam results in photons having ___

A

shorter wavelength

44
Q

Grid ratio = relationship between height of the lead strip & the ___

A

distance between the lead strips

45
Q

Bit depth describes ___

A

grayscale availability

46
Q

Medication route - parenteral

A

Parenteral routes:
intravenous
intramuscular
intracardiac

47
Q

Normal range for creatinine

A

0.6 - 1.5 mg/100 mL

48
Q

Syncope

A

fainting

49
Q

Patient position following syncopal episode & low blood pressure

A

Sims (aka recovery position)

50
Q

Patient w/ long bone fracture - best method to manipulate affected extremity

A

Manipulate both ends of extremity simultaneously & in unison

51
Q

Essential lab value must be verified before administering intravenous iodinated contrast media in regards to kidney function

A

Creatinine

52
Q

Type of manual respirator

A

Ambu

xx - ECMO
xx - mechanical ventilator
xx - CPAP

53
Q

Patient having CAT scan of head. After injecting contrast, patient complains of nausea & problems breathing. What type of shock?

A

Anaphylactic

54
Q

Function of housing around X-ray tube

A

Minimizes radiation leakage

55
Q

Erythema

A

reddening of irritated skin

56
Q

What position when patient lies flat on back & head is lower than feet?

A

Trendelenburg

57
Q

Best time to use log rolling method to move patient is when patient may have ___

A

spinal injury

58
Q

What restricts useful X-ray beams from causing unnecessary exposure?

A

Collimation

59
Q

Target interaction caused by deceleration of cathode electron

A

Bremsstrahlung (braking radiation)

60
Q
A

ARRT practice questions (1 decks)

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