Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PALS > Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

what is symptomatic bradycardia

A

HR slower than normal for child’s age (usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is symptomatic bradycardia

A

HR slower than normal for child’s age (usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

leading cause of symptomatic bradycardia in children

A

tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bradycardia due to congential or acquired heart conditions

A

primary bradycarida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of secondary bradycardia

A

hypoxia, acidosis, HYPOTN, hypothermia, drug effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 common types of bradyarrythmias in children

A

sinus bradycardia and AV block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

normal heart rate for newborn to 3 months

A

85-205

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal heart rate for 3 months to 2 years

A

100-190

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal haert rate for 2-10 yaers

A

60-140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal heart rate for >10

A

60-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epi IV/IO drug dosage

A

0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg) of 1:10,000 concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epi ET drug dosage

A

0.1 mg/kg (0.1mL/kg of 1:1000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

atropine IO/IV dose

A

0.02 mg/kg (can repeat once)

min- 0.1 mg max- 0.5 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how often can epi be repeated

A

every 3-5 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for persistent bradycardia what should be considered

A

continuous infusion of epinephrine (0.1 to 0.3 mcg/kg per minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ET dosage for atropine

A

0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fast heart rate from a normal response to stress or fever

A

sinus tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fast abnormal rhythms originating either in the atria or the ventricles of the heart. can cause hemodynamic compromise (shock or deterioration)

A

tachycarrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when does coronary perfusion occur

A

diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

narrow complex (

A

sinus tachycardia, SVT, atrial flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

wide complex (>0.09) tachycarrhythmias

A

ventricular tachycardia, SVT w/ aberrant intraventricular conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sinus tachycardia is usually

A

220

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sinus tachycardia is usually

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the most common tachyarrhythmias that causes CV compromise during infancy

A

SVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ways to identify SVT
absent or abnormal P waves, narrow QRS, HR >220 in infants, HR >180 in children
26
ways to identify SVT
absent or abnormal P waves, narrow QRS, HR >220 in infants, HR >180 in children
27
leading cause of symptomatic bradycardia in children
tissue hypoxia
28
conditions that can lead to torsades
long QT, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, antiarrhythmic drug toxicity or other drug toxicitites (TCAs, CCBs, phenothiazines)
29
Causes of secondary bradycardia
hypoxia, acidosis, HYPOTN, hypothermia, drug effects
30
2 common types of bradyarrythmias in children
sinus bradycardia and AV block
31
normal heart rate for newborn to 3 months
85-205
32
normal heart rate for 3 months to 2 years
100-190
33
normal haert rate for 2-10 yaers
60-140
34
normal heart rate for >10
60-100
35
epi IV/IO drug dosage
0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg) of 1:10,000 concentration
36
epi ET drug dosage
0.1 mg/kg (0.1mL/kg of 1:1000)
37
atropine IO/IV dose
0.02 mg/kg (can repeat once) | min- 0.1 mg max- 0.5 mg
38
how often can epi be repeated
every 3-5 minutes
39
for persistent bradycardia what should be considered
continuous infusion of epinephrine (0.1 to 0.3 mcg/kg per minute)
40
ET dosage for atropine
0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg
41
fast heart rate from a normal response to stress or fever
sinus tachycardia
42
fast abnormal rhythms originating either in the atria or the ventricles of the heart. can cause hemodynamic compromise (shock or deterioration)
tachycarrhythmias
43
when does coronary perfusion occur
diastole
44
narrow complex (
sinus tachycardia, SVT, atrial flutter
45
wide complex (>0.09) tachycarrhythmias
ventricular tachycardia, SVT w/ aberrant intraventricular conduction
46
sinus tachycardia is usually
220
47
sinus tachycardia is usually
48
what is the most common tachyarrhythmias that causes CV compromise during infancy
SVT
49
common signs of SVT in infants
irritability, poor feeding, rapid breathing, unusual sleepiness, vomiting, pale, mottled, gray or cyanotic skin
50
ways to identify SVT
absent or abnormal P waves, narrow QRS, HR >220 in infants, HR >180 in children
51
what leas will P waves be absent/abnormal/inverted in SVT
inferior (II/III/aVF)
52
signs of CHF can be present with what
SVT
53
conditions that can lead to torsades
long QT, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, antiarrhythmic drug toxicity or other drug toxicitites (TCAs, CCBs, phenothiazines)
54
vagal maneuver for infants/ children of all ages
ice to the face
55
other vagal maneuvers for children
blow through a narrow straw, carotid massage
56
when are synchronized shocks used
cardioversion from SVT and VT with a pulse
57
when should a synchronized shock occur in the cardiac cycle
coincide with teh R wave of the patient's QRS (prevent VF that coud occur during the T wave period
58
what is the initial dose for a synchronized shock
0.5-1 J/kg
59
what is the subsequent doses for synchronized cardioversion
2 J/ kg
60
if VF develops after synchronized cardioversion what should be done?
immediately begin CPR and prepare to deliver an unsynchronized shock
61
indications for synchronized cardioversion
hemodynamically unstable patients (poor perfusion, HPOTN, heart failure), with tachycarrhythmias (SVT, atrial flutter, VT) but with palpable pulses
62
half life of adenosine
63
can adenosine be given via the IO route
yes
64
adenosine dosing
0.1 mg/kg (max 6 mg) rapid IV bolus | 2nd dose 0.2 mg/kg (max 12 kg)
65
when can amiodarone be considered fur use with tachyarrhythmias
hemodynamically stable SVT refractory to vagal manuevers and adenosine
66
how does amiodarone work
inhibits alpha nad beta adreenergic receptors leading to vasodilation and AV nodal suppression, prolongs QT interval, slows conduction by inhibiting sodium channels and prolonging QRS duration
67
dosage of amiodarone for SVT/ ventricular arrhythmias w/ poor perfusion
loading dose of 5 mg/kg infused over 20-60 minutes | max of 15 mg/kg per day as needed (should not exceed 2.2 g over 24 hours)
68
why does amiodarone increase the risk for polymoprhic VT
prolongs teh QT interval
69
dosage of procainamide
loading dose of 15 mg/kg over 30-60 minutes w/ continuously monitoring EKG and BP
70
MOA of procainamide
blocks sodium channels to prolong the effective refractory period of both atria and ventricles.
71
what is an alternative agent for stable VT, not effective for suprventricular arrhythmias
lidocaine
72
MOA of lidocaine
Na channel blocker, decreases automaticity and suppresses wide complex ventricular arrhythmias
73
dosage of lidocaine
loading IV dose of 1 mg/kg, consider infusion fo 20-50 mcg/kg/minute
74
mag sulfate dose
25-50 mg/kg IV/IO (max 2 g) given over 10-20 minutes (faster if torsades w/ cardiac arrest)
75
why should verapamil NOT be used on infants in SVT
can lead to refractory HYPOTN and cardiac arrest
76
dosage of verpamail
0.1 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) over at least 2 minutes
77
what is the treatment for sinus tach
directed at teh cause. don't use drugs to try to decrease teh HR. try to search for and treat the cause
78
1st line tx for SVT
vagal manuevers (bag of ice, blow through straw, carotid massage)
79
if SVT doesn't respond to meds and the child is hemodynamically stable what should you do
consult a pediatric cardiologist before proceeding w/ synchronized cardioversion

PALS (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions