Arrhythmia Exam Flashcards
Symptoms of Arrythmias
SAD Palpitations
What is Paroxysmal AF
AF that stops within 7 days (usually 48hrs), treat with Pill in pocket.
What is a normal heart rate
60 - 100 bpm
What are risks of AF?
Stroke, DVT/PE
What are CHADVASC and ORBIT used for
CHADVASC assesses risk of stroke
ORBIT assesses risk of bleeding
How to treat new onset LIFE THREATENING AF?
Emergency Electrical cardioversion
How to treat new onset Non-Life threatening AF?
Rate control if onset > 48 hrs
Rate or Rhythm control if onset < 48 hrs
What anticoagulation should be used for new onset AF prior to assessment?
Heparin
What is first line anticoagulation for confirmed AF?
DOACS, if contraindicated due to renal impairment Warfarin.
What medicines treat Ventricular arrhythmia?
Lidocaine, Sotalol
What medicines treat Supraventricular arrhythmia?
Adenosine, Verapamil, cardiac glycosides
What medicines treat both Ventricular & Supraventricular arrythmias?
Amiodarone, Beta blockers
Name Class 1 drugs
Lidocaine, Flecanide (sodium channel blockers)
Name Class 2 drugs
Beta Blockers
Name Class 3 drugs
Amiodarone, Sotalol - also class 2 (Potassium channel blockers)
Name Class 4 drugs
CCBs except dihydropyridines
Name rate control drugs?
Diltiazem, Verapamil, Digoxin, Beta blockers
When is rate control NOT preferred?
New onset AF, reversible AF, Heart failure
Rate control monotherapy:
Beta blockers
OR
CCB (Diltiazem/Verapamil)
OR
Digoxin
Digoxin mono therapy should only be used in…
Patients with heart failure or sedentary lifestyle
If mono therapy fails, use…
2 of either BBs, Diltiazem, Digoxin
If combination rate control fails, use Rhythm control as follows:
BBs, Flecainide, Amiodarone, Propefanone (avoid in Heart disease), Dronedarone, Sotalol
FAB rhythmS PD
Before Electrical cardioversion, anticoagulation should be given as follows:
for 3 weeks prior, if not possible then heparin immediately before
