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Cardiovascular Assessments > Arrhythmia > Flashcards

Arrhythmia Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A

60-100bpm
All wave forms present
Normal Sinus Rhythm:
PR = 0.08-.20 QRS <50% of RR

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2
Q

Atrial Rhythm

A

60-80 bpm

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3
Q

Junctional Rhythm

A

40-60bpm; no p wave or retrograde P

at the AV node

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4
Q

Ventricular Rhythm

A

20-40 bpm; no p wave; wide QRS >0.14

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5
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

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6
Q

Junctional bradycardia

A

<40 bpm

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7
Q

Tachycardia

A

> 100bpm
accelerated ventricular= 40-100 bpm
accelerated junctional = 60-100bpm

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8
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

HR >100bpm
All waves present
Regular R-R

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9
Q

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

A 
HR >100bpm 
Change in foci 
3 or more different looking p waves 
1:1 P:QRS 
Change in PR interval
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10
Q

Wandering Atrial Pacemaker

A 
HR < 100bpm
Change in foci
Different looking p waves
1:1 P:QRS
Change in PR interval
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11
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

Single irritable foci
P:QRS = 2:1 3:1 4:1
P waves at regular intervals

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12
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Multiple foci
Irregular R-R
Non-discernable p waves
Bag of worms isoelectric line

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13
Q

PAC, PJC, PVC

A

Uni-focal or multifocal
Three or more PVC’s in a row = non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
Usually due to
Prematurity occurs due to decreased O2 and increased SNS
Can be due to decreased K+ , decreased cardiac output

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14
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A 
HR > 100 bpm 
QRS >0.14 s
No p wave
T wave opposition 
V-flutter will demonstrate a more rounded QRS
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15
Q

Torsades de Pointes (t de p)

A

Short bursts of deflection changes
No p wave wide QRS
T wave opposition

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16
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

No discernable wave forms

No coordination of activity

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17
Q

Asystole

A

loss of electrical activity

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18
Q

Agonal

A

<20 bpm

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19
Q

Wolf Parkinson White

A 
Bundle of kent
PR < 0.08 sec
Delta wave
R-R’
Diphasic P wave
Wide QRS 
At high rates can lead to PAT
20
Q

Lown Ganong Levine

A 
Bundle of James
Normal QRS
PR <0.08
No delta wave
Can lead to PAT at high rates
21
Q

SA block

A

transient, no wave forms

22
Q

SA node arrest

A

No wave forms

usually leads to escape beat

23
Q

1st degree AV block

A

PR > 0.20

Regular R-R

24
Q

2nd degree AV Block Type I = Wenkebach (above AV node)

A

Progressive increase in PR interval until a dropped beat occurs
Normal QRS

25
Q

2nd degree AV Block Type II = Mobitz (below AV node)

A

Normal length PR interval
Wide QRS
Multiple P’s to QRS’s

26
Q

3rd degree AV Block

A 
No PR interval
No association between P and QRS 
Regular P-P and regular R-R
Wide QRS 
T wave opposition
27
Q

Right Bundle Branch Block

A

QRS > 0.12 sec
Not always global common in V1 and V2 results in an R-R’
T wave opposition

28
Q

Left Bundle Branch Block

A

QRS > 0.12 always global
T wave opposition
R-R’ in V5 and V6

29
Q

Anterior Hemiblock

A

Left Anterior Descending
Q in LL I
S in LL III
Left Axis Deviation

30
Q

Posterior Hemiblock

A

Circumflex
Q in LL III
S in LL I
Right Axis Deviation

31
Q

Right Atrial Enlargement

A

Large P wave

> 2.5 mm tall and/ or wide

32
Q

Left Atrial Enlargement

A

Diphasic P wave in V1 and V2

33
Q

Bi-atrial Enlargement

A

Double hump P (in lead of mean depolarization)

Large P waves > 2.5 mm tall and/ or wide

34
Q

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

Large R wave in V1
Often Right Axis Deviated
T wave strain in V1 and V2

35
Q

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A

S in V1 + R in V5 > 35mm
S in V2 + R in V6 > 35mm
Often Left Axis Deviated
T wave strain V5 and V6

36
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of blood flow

ST segment depression >1.5 mm, 80 ms from J point in > 50% of corresponding leads

37
Q

Injury

A

Acute (short term/ recent) damage

ST segment elevation > 1.5 mm 80 ms from J point in >50% of corresponding leads

38
Q

Infarction

A 
Tissue death 
Acute coronary syndrome 
o	Symmetrically inverted t waves
o	Sign of more server ischemia
o	Can be due to severe stress 
•	Heart attack, clot, ventricular aneurysm 
•	STEMI = transmural (across entire heart wall) 
•	NSTEMI = subendocardial
o	Asymmetrical t wave inversion
39
Q

Anterior MI

A

reciprocal changes in inferior aspect = II, III, aVF

40
Q

Inferior MI

A

reciprocal changes in lateral aspect = I, aVL, and precordial leads

41
Q

Lateral MI

A

reciprocal change in inferior aspect = II, III, aVF

42
Q

Posterior MI

A

reciprocal change V1 and V2 (large R wave and upright T and ST depression) = mirror image of anterior MI

43
Q

Antero-septal

A

V1 and V2 = left anterior descending

44
Q

Anterior

A

V3 and V4 = left anterior descending

45
Q

Lateral

A

V5, V6, I ,and aVL = circumflex

46
Q

Inferior

A

II, III, and aVF = marginal

47
Q

Posterior

A

no indicative changes = right posterior descending

Cardiovascular Assessments (5 decks)

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