arrhythmia

Question 1

what characterises Atrial fibrillation?

Answer 1

irregularly irregular

Question 2

how is ,7days af characterised?
<1 year
>1 year?

Answer 2

paroxysmal
persistent
permanent
would expalin treatment plan

Question 3

main complication of AF?

Answer 3

thromboembolism
as blood just remains stagnant in atria as atria does not contract enough
leads to arterial clots

stroke

Question 4

how do you differentiate unstable AF?

Answer 4

chest pain
hypotension
Ischaemia on an ECG
hf

Question 5

signs of HF

Answer 5

pulmonary oedema

SOB

Question 6

what is the a fib stroke risk calculator called?

Answer 6

chadvasc score shows high risk patients for warfarin

Question 7

what is atrial flutter

Answer 7

ventricular rate - 150
saw tooth
regular tachycardia 
flutter wave 
atria beats regularly

Question 8

AV Re-entry Tachycardia is a cause of what?

Answer 8

Wolf parkinson white

connects atria to ventricular bypassing AV node

Question 9

can Atrial fibrillation be a normal rate?

Answer 9

yes the rate can be normal / not always tachycardia

Question 10

what are shockable rhythm?

Answer 10

VF

Pulseless VT

Question 11

what is PEA?

Answer 11

pulseless electrivity activity

electricity is there but the heart is doing nothing

Question 12

4Hs and 4Ts of cardiac arrest?

Answer 12

hypothermia
hypokalaemia
hypoxia
hypovolaemia

tension pneumothorax
tamponade
thrombus
toxins

Question 13

broad complex?

Answer 13

QRS > 120ms/ 3 small squares

Question 14

Irregular broad complex tachycardia

Answer 14

torsades de points

Question 15

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 15

regular / amplitude

no p waves
just up and down

Question 16

what is amiodarone used for?

Answer 16

as a rhythm control drug

in VT / management

Question 17

when would amiodarone be given > electric shock as a first line?

Answer 17

stable VT

Question 18

long term management of VT?

Answer 18

consider ICD - implantable cardioverter defibrillator

consider ablation

Question 19

what condition does a prolonged QT due to the following
congenital
medications
electrolyte imbalances

clarithromycin

Answer 19

torsades de pointes

Question 20

management of what condition is IV magnesium sulphate?

Answer 20

torsades de pointes

Question 21

management of VF

Answer 21

shockable VF/ pulseless VT
1 shock
CPR 2 mins

Amiodarone

Question 22

p wave not followed by a QRS

Answer 22

mobitz 1
mobitz 2
3rd degree AV block

Question 23

prolonged PR
every p followed by a QRS
idiopathic

Answer 23

1st degree av block

Question 24

what differentiates mobitz type 1 and type 2

management

Answer 24

type 1: progressively prolonged PR w eventual QRS dropped
management : follow up w another ECG regularly but no specific treatment

type 2: Fixed PR but then a dropped QRS
more likely to be due to an ischaemic heart disease
more dangerous and more likely to go into 3rd degree / complete heart block
requires permanent pacemaker

Question 25

management of 3 degree heart block

Answer 25

severly bradycardic

require permanent pacemaker / transcutaneous pacing

Question 26

are atrial flutters always regular?

Answer 26

normally yes

but when there is variable block it can cause an irregularly irregular rhythm