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Chemistry: 12 - Acids And Bases > Arrhenius theory of acids and bases > Flashcards

Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens to hydrogen chloride when it is added to water?

A

It dissociates into H+ ions and Cl- ions

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2
Q

What are monobasic acids and give examples of such?

A

Molecules of which dissociate to give one H+ ion in aqueous solution, examples are hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

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3
Q

What are dibasic acids and give examples of such?

A

A molecule of which can dissociate to give 2 H+ ions in aqueous solutions, an example is sulfuric acid

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4
Q

What are tribasic acids and give examples of such?

A

A molecule of which can dissociate to give three H+ ions in aqueous solutions, an example is phosphoric acid

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5
Q

Give one equation for the following:

monobasic, dibasic, tribasic

A

Monobasic: HCl —> H+ + Cl-
Dibasic: H₂SO₄ —> 2H+ + SO₄2-
Tribasic: H₃PO₄—> 3H+ + PO₄3-

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6
Q

What are the other names for monobasic, dibasic, tribasic?

A

Monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic

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7
Q

Are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid weak or strong acids? Why?

A

They are all strong acids as they fully dissociate in water (almost every molecule breaks up to give H+)

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8
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of an acid

A

Arrhenius Definition: An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produced H+ ions

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9
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of a strong acid

A

Arrhenius Definition: a strong acid is a substance that almost completely dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions.

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10
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of a weak acid

A

Arrhenius definition: a weak acid is a substance that only slightly dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions.

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11
Q

Are ethanoic and methanoic (formic) acid weak or strong acids? Why?

A

They are described as weak acids as they dissociate only to a slight extent in water.

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12
Q

What are H+ (hydrogen atoms that have lost an electron) exactly?

A

They are simply bare protons

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13
Q

Bare protons cannot exist independently in solution, what happens to the H+ ion in water?

A

The H+ ion reacts with water molecules to form H₃O⁺ ion.

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14
Q

In the structure of H2O joining with the H+ ions, one of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom forms a covalent bond with the proton. Both electrons in this bond come from the same atom.
describe this bond.

A

Such a bond is called a dative covalent bond or a coordinate covalent bond.
Dative means giving in Latin since the same atom gives both of the shared pair of electrons in the bond.

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15
Q

What is the H₃O⁺ ion called?

A

The hydronium ion

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16
Q

What is important to know about the hydronium ion/H₃O⁺?

A

It is present in every acidic solution

17
Q

Show the more accurate equation to represent the dissociation of acids in water in the case of HCl

A

HCl + H2O —> H₃O⁺ + Cl-

18
Q

What do aqueous solutions of acids actually contain?

A

Aqueous solutions of acids contain H₃O⁺ ion and not H+ ions

19
Q

If substances such as pure ethanoic acid or pure hydrogen chloride are added to solvents such as benzene, no H+ or H₃O⁺ ions are found to be present. Why is this?

A

These acids only show acidic properties when dissolved in water.

20
Q

What is the OH- ion called?

A

the hydroxide ion

21
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of a base

A

Arrhenius definition: A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions.

22
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of a strong base

A

Arrhenius definition: a strong base is a substance that almost completely dissociates in water to give hydroxide (hydroxyl) ions.

23
Q

Define Arrhenius’ definition of a weak base

A

Arrhenius definition: A weak base is a substance that only slightly dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions.

24
Q

Give examples of weak and strong bases

A

Weak: calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide

Strong: sodium hydroxide

25
Q

What is a base that dissolves in water often referred to as?

A

an alkali

Chemistry: 12 - Acids And Bases (7 decks)

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