ARRHENIOUS ACID BASE THEORY:WK7 Flashcards
a
hydrogen-containing
compound that, in water,
produces hydrogen ions
Arrhenius Acid
hydroxide-containing
compound that, in water,
produces hydroxide ions
Arrhenius base
The process
in which individual positive
and negative ions are
produced from a
molecular compound that
is dissolved in solution
Ionization
the
process in which individual
positive and negative ions
are released from an ionic
compound that is
dissolved in solution.
Dissociation
pH stands for
potential hydrogen
a substance that can donate
a proton (H ion) to some other substance.
Brønsted–Lowry acid
an acid that supplies three protons (H
ions) per molecule during an acid–base reaction
Triprotic Acid
an acid that supplies one proton
(H ion) per molecule during an acid–base reaction
Monoprotic Acid -
an acid that supplies two or more
protons (H ions) during an acid–base reaction.
Polyprotic Acid
an acid that supplies two protons (H
ions) per molecule during an acid–base reaction.
Diprotic Acid
a substance that can accept
a proton (H ion) from some other substance.
Brønsted–Lowry base
a specific group of atoms or
bonds within a compound that is responsible for
the characteristic chemical reactions of that
compound.
functional group
same
molecular formula (same
numbers and kinds of
atoms) but differ in the
way the atoms are
arranged
Isomers
Also called Structural isomerism
CONSTITUTIONAL
ISOMERISM
have the same molecular
and structural formula,
but different orientations
of atoms in space
STEREOISOMERISM
Two groups of atoms in
an alkane connected by
a carbon-carbon single
bond can rotate with
respect to one another
around that bond
CONFORMATIONAL
ISOMERISM
specific three-
dimensional
arrangement of atoms in
an organic molecule at a
given instant that results
from rotations about
carbon-carbon single
bonds
CONFORMATIONAL
ISOMERISM
isomers that have the same
molecular and structural formulas
but different orientations of atoms
in space because of restricted
rotation about bonds.
CIS-TRANS
ISOMERISM
means on the same side
Cis
means across from
Trans
type of stereoisomerism:
when two objects are mirror
images of each other and
cannot be superimposed,
optical isomers
optical isomers,
also called
enantiomers
asymmetric molecule is called
chiral
C atom is called
chiral center
