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Term 2 Theory Prep > Arranging/Orchestration > Flashcards

Arranging/Orchestration Flashcards

1
Q

main instruments in the string family

A

violin, viola, cello, double bass, other (harp, guitar, etc.)

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2
Q

violin - standard tuning

A

G3, D4, A4, E5

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3
Q

violin - practical range

A

G3 to E7

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4
Q

violin - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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5
Q

violin - clef for notation

A

treble

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6
Q

viola - standard tuning

A

C3, G3, D4, A4

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7
Q

viola - practical range

A

C3 to E6

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8
Q

viola - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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9
Q

viola - clef for notation

A

alto or treble

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10
Q

guitar - practical range

A

E2 - C6

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11
Q

guitar - how many strings and frets?

A

6 strings, 20 frets

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12
Q

guitar - standard tuning

A

E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4

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13
Q

guitar - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 8ve below written

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14
Q

guitar - clef

A

treble

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15
Q

cello - practical range

A

C2 (65 Hz) - G5 (782 Hz)

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16
Q

cello - standard tuning

A

C2 (65 Hz) - G2 (98 Hz) - D3 (147 Hz) - A3 (220 Hz)

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17
Q

cello - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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18
Q

cello - clef

A

bass (higher-range parts - tenor clef or treble)

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19
Q

DEF: ‘sul’

A

‘play on the ___ string’ or ‘play near the ___’

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20
Q

violin - when is pizz. not practical

A

above C6 or in fast passages

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21
Q

DEF:

‘sul tasto’

A

bowing away from the bridge

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22
Q

violin - practical intervals for double stops

A

between maj 2nd and 8ve, unless using open strings

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23
Q

violin - E string ‘pop’ range

A

E5 - E6, may extend to E7 or G7

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24
Q

safe/pop range for viola, violin, cello

A

8ve per string with option of top string’s range extending higher depending on player’s ability

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25
Q

viola - projection of sound

A

projects less than violin

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26
Q

viola - tone

A

C, G, D strings are fuller and warmer, A string can sound a bit nasal

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27
Q

cello - tone

A

powerful and rich

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28
Q

viola - sound radiation

A

LF/LMF - omni below 500 Hz HMF / HF - directive towards the front

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29
Q

violin - sound radiation

A

LF / LMF - omni below 400 Hz HMF / HF - directive towards front

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30
Q

cello - sound radiation

A

Below 165 - omni abouve 165 - more directive towards front

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31
Q

double bass - sound radiation

A

directive towards front, slight low mid bias on R side

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32
Q

double bass - practical range (no extension)

A

E1 (41 Hz) - B3 (247 Hz)

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33
Q

double bass - standard tuning

A

E1 (41 Hz) - A1 (55 Hz) - D2 (73 Hz) - G2 (98 Hz)

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34
Q

double bass - clef

A

bass

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35
Q

double bass - transposing or non?

A

sounds 8ve below written

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36
Q

guitar - sound radiation

A

limited acoustic projection LF - omni below 165 Hz MF/HF - more directive towards front

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37
Q

guitar - safe pop range

A

8ve and min 6 (21 ST per string)

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38
Q

DEF:

‘détaché’

(strings)

A

separate notes with alternating bows, without lifting bow

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39
Q

DEF:

‘legato’

(strings)

A

play notes connected, with bow in constant contact with strings

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40
Q

DEF:

‘portato’

(strings)

A

notes played on single bows, slightly separated/emphasised

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41
Q

DEF:

‘glissando’

A

sliding between notes

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42
Q

DEF:

‘staccato’

(strings)

A

short and detached (alternating) bowing, where notes have approximately half of the notated length

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43
Q

DEF:

‘slurred staccato’

(strings)

A

slur with shortened notes

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44
Q

DEF:

‘spiccato’ (aka. ‘saltando’)

(strings)

A

‘off-string’ bounced bowing

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45
Q

DEF:

‘martelé’

(strings)

A

‘off-string’ hammered stroke, ending abruptly

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46
Q

DEF:

jeté (ricochet)

(strings)

A

‘off string’ light bouncing staccato on a repeated note and in a single direction

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47
Q

DEF:

sul ponticello

(strings)

A

bowing close to the bridge

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48
Q

DEF:

col legno

(strings)

A

strings hit with the stick (wooden side of the bow)

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49
Q

DEF:

trill

(strings)

A

fast alternation between two notes a second away from each other

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50
Q

DEF:

fingered tremolo

(strings)

A

a trill with notes further than a 2nd apart

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51
Q

DEF:

bowed tremolo

(strings)

A

alternating bow strokes of a single note

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52
Q

DEF:

pizzicato

(strings)

A

finger plucking of strings

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53
Q

DEF:

harmonics

(strings)

A

produced through the light tapping or bowing of a string node

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54
Q

common chamber ensemble sizes (strings)

A

2: 1:1
4: 2:2
8: 2:2
12: 4:4

8 vln, 2 cello

12 vln, 4 cello

8: 6:4:4 - strong med. size pop string section
16: 14:12:10:8 - std symphonic string section

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55
Q

how many violas usually carry a soli part

A

2

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56
Q

how many violins usually carry a soli part

A

3 violins, 2 if using tremolo

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57
Q

how many players per ‘desk’

A

two

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58
Q

DEF:

divisi

(strings)

A

splitting of a section (ie. vla 1, vla 2)

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59
Q

instruments in woodwind family

A

flute, clarinet, sax, oboe, english horn, bassoon

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60
Q

flute - practical range

A

C4 (262 Hz) to C7 (2093 Hz)

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61
Q

flute - sound projection

A

MF - more directional toward front

HF - bias toward tail end

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62
Q

types of flutes

A

C flute

piccolo flute

alto flute

bass flute

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63
Q

piccolo flute - practical range

A

D5 to C8

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64
Q

piccolo flute - transposing or non?

A

transposing, plays 8ve above written

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65
Q

flute - clef

A

treble

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66
Q

alto flute - range

67
Q

alto flute - transposing or non?

A

sounds 4th below written

68
Q

bass flute - range

69
Q

bass flute - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 8ve below written

70
Q

oboe - range

A

Bb3 (233 Hz) to D6 (1174 Hz)

71
Q

oboe - clef

72
Q

oboe - sound radiation

A

LF/LFM - omni below Bb4

HMF/HF bias around bell

73
Q

oboe - reed

A

double reed

74
Q

oboe - range

A

Bb3 - D6, possibly extending to F6

75
Q

oboe - transposing or non?

A

non transposing

76
Q

English horn - reed

A

double reed

77
Q

english horn - range

A

E3 to F5, possibly extending to Bb5

78
Q

english horn - transposing or non?

A

sounds 5th below written

79
Q

Bb clarinet - range

80
Q

Bb clarinet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds maj 2nd below concert

81
Q

Bb clarinet - sound radiation

A

LF - omni

MF - bias through body of instrument

HMF/HF - near bell

82
Q

types of clarinets

A

Bb clarinet

A clarinet

Bb bass clarinet

Eb clarinet (soprano)

83
Q

A clarinet - range

84
Q

Bb bass clarinet - range

85
Q

A clarinet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds min 3rd below written

86
Q

Bb bass clarinet - transposing or non?

A

sounds 9th below written

87
Q

bassoon - range

A

Bb1 (58 Hz) to A4 (440 Hz)

88
Q

bassoon - transposing or non?

A

non transposing

89
Q

bassoon - sound radiation

A

LF - omni

MF bias to either side

HMF/HF bias around bell (on top)

90
Q

bassoon - reed

A

double reed

91
Q

clarinet - reed

92
Q

bassoon - clef

A

bass clef (low register) and/or treble clef (high register)

93
Q

soprano sax - range

A

Ab3 (208 Hz) to Eb6 (1245 Hz)

94
Q

soprano sax - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds maj 2nd below written

95
Q

soprano sax - clef

96
Q

soprano sax - sound projection

A

LMF - omni

HMF/HF - bias at bell

97
Q

alto sax - range

A

Eb3 (156 Hz) to G5 (784 Hz)

98
Q

alto sax - clef

99
Q

alto sax - transposing or non

A

transposing, sounds major 6th below written

100
Q

alto sax - sound projection

A

omni below 311 Hz

about 311 Hz - directive toward front, bright on axis of the bell

101
Q

tenor sax - range

A

Bb2 (117 Hz) to D5 (587 Hz)

102
Q

tenor sax - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds major 9th below written

103
Q

tenor sax - clef

104
Q

tenor sax - sound radiation

A

omni below 233 Hz

MF directive toward front

HMF/HF bias on axis out of bell

105
Q

baritone sax - range

A

Eb2 (78 H) to G4 (392 Hz)

106
Q

baritone sax - clef

107
Q

baritone sax - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sound major 13th below written

108
Q

types of saxophone

A

soprano

alto

tenor

bari

109
Q

DEF:

tonguing

(woodwinds)

A

general articulation for wind instruments, notes commonly started by gonguing syllable ‘tu’

110
Q

DEF:

double tonguing

(woodwinds)

A

fast tonguing with alternating ‘syllables’ (‘tu’, ‘ku’)

111
Q

DEF:

triple tonguing

(woodwinds)

A

faster tonguing with alternating ‘syllables’ (‘tu’ ‘ku’ ‘tu’)

112
Q

DEF:

flutter tonguing

(woodwinds)

A

fast repitition of single notes by rolling the tongue

113
Q

DEF:

legato

(woodwinds)

A

slurred playing with tonguing of first note

114
Q

DEF:

soft legato

(woodwinds)

A

every note is tongued gently (‘du’)

115
Q

DEF:

staccato

(woodwinds)

A

notes started and stopped by tongue and played approx half notated length

116
Q

instruments in the brass family

A

trumpet

trombone

tuba

french horn

117
Q

french horn - range

A

F2 (87 Hz) to C5 (523 Hz)

118
Q

french horn - transposing or non?

A

tranposing, sounds a P5th below written

119
Q

french horn - clef

120
Q

french horn - sound radiation

A

no true omni range

more directive towards rear and right (performers perspective) - where bell is

121
Q

Bb trumpet - range

A

E3 (165 Hz) to C6 (1047 Hz)

122
Q

Bb trumpet - clef

123
Q

Bb trumpet - transposing or non?

A

tranposing, sounds major second below written

124
Q

Bb trumpet - sound radiation

A

LF/LMF - omni below 450 Hz

MF - directive toward front

HMF/HF bias in front of bell

125
Q

instruments in trumpet family

A

Bb

cornet

flugelhorn

piccolo trumpet

bass trumpet

126
Q

cornet - range

127
Q

cornet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds a second below written

128
Q

flugelhorn - range

A

E3 to G5 (narrower than Bb trumpet)

129
Q

flugelhorn - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 2nd below written

130
Q

piccolo trumpet - range

131
Q

piccolo trumpet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds a 2nd below written

132
Q

bass trumpets - types

133
Q

c bass trumpet - transposing

A

transposing, sound 8vb

134
Q

Eb bass trumpet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 6th below written

135
Q

Bb bass trumpet - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 9th below written

136
Q

trombone - range

A

E2 (82 Hz) to A4 (440 Hz)

137
Q

trombone - clef

138
Q

trombone - transposing or non?

A

non transposing

139
Q

trombone - sound radiation

A

LF/LMF omni radiation below 350 Hz

MF directive toward front

HMF/HF bias in front of bell

140
Q

types of trombone

A

slide (tenor) trombone

valve (tenor) trombone

bass trombone

141
Q

bass trombone - range

142
Q

tuba - range

A

F1 (44 Hz) to F4 (349 Hz)

143
Q

tuba - clef

144
Q

tuba - transposing or non?

A

non transposing

145
Q

tuba - sound radiation

A

narrow band omni below 90 Hz

MF directive toward the fron

HMF/HF bias immediately infront of bell

146
Q

DEF:

cluster voicings

A

chords incorporating very small intervals (less than 3rd)

147
Q

DEF:

closed position voicings (‘pure’)

A

voices comprised of chord tones as close together as possible

148
Q

DEF:

open voicing

A

chords build of non-compact intervals and possibly spreading over more than one 8ve

149
Q

DEF:

semi-open voicings

150
Q

types of mutes for brass

A

straight mute

cup mute

bucket mute

plunger mute

harmon mute

151
Q

percussion families

A

definite and indefinite pitch

152
Q

instruments in the definite pitch family of percussion instruments

A

celeste

chimes & tubular bells

crotales

glockenspiel

marimba

timpani

vibraphone

xylophone

153
Q

percussion instruments in the indefinite pitch family

A

bass drum

cymbals

tenor drum

snare

conga

tam tam

toms

154
Q

four way voicing techniques

A
  • may incorporate a chord tone, tension or even an avoid note on the lead
  • avoid minor second between top 2 voices
  • if tension is in the lead, always skip the note below
155
Q

celest - range

156
Q

celeste – transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 8va written

157
Q

chimes & tubular bells - range

158
Q

Chimes & tubular bells - transposing or non?

159
Q

crotales - range

160
Q

crotales - transposing or non?

A

Sound 2 8ves above written

161
Q

glockenspiel - range

162
Q

glockenspiel - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 2 8ves above written

Term 2 Theory Prep (11 decks)

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