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Term 2 Theory Prep > Arranging/Orchestration > Flashcards

Arranging/Orchestration Flashcards

1
Q

main instruments in the string family

A

violin, viola, cello, double bass, other (harp, guitar, etc.)

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2
Q

violin - standard tuning

A

G3, D4, A4, E5

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3
Q

violin - practical range

A

G3 to E7

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4
Q

violin - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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5
Q

violin - clef for notation

A

treble

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6
Q

viola - standard tuning

A

C3, G3, D4, A4

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7
Q

viola - practical range

A

C3 to E6

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8
Q

viola - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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9
Q

viola - clef for notation

A

alto or treble

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10
Q

guitar - practical range

A

E2 - C6

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11
Q

guitar - how many strings and frets?

A

6 strings, 20 frets

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12
Q

guitar - standard tuning

A

E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4

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13
Q

guitar - transposing or non?

A

transposing, sounds 8ve below written

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14
Q

guitar - clef

A

treble

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15
Q

cello - practical range

A

C2 (65 Hz) - G5 (782 Hz)

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16
Q

cello - standard tuning

A

C2 (65 Hz) - G2 (98 Hz) - D3 (147 Hz) - A3 (220 Hz)

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17
Q

cello - transposing or non?

A

non-transposing

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18
Q

cello - clef

A

bass (higher-range parts - tenor clef or treble)

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19
Q

DEF: ‘sul’

A

‘play on the ___ string’ or ‘play near the ___’

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20
Q

violin - when is pizz. not practical

A

above C6 or in fast passages

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21
Q

DEF:

‘sul tasto’

A

bowing away from the bridge

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22
Q

violin - practical intervals for double stops

A

between maj 2nd and 8ve, unless using open strings

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23
Q

violin - E string ‘pop’ range

A

E5 - E6, may extend to E7 or G7

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24
Q

safe/pop range for viola, violin, cello

A

8ve per string with option of top string’s range extending higher depending on player’s ability

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25
viola - projection of sound
projects less than violin
26
viola - tone
C, G, D strings are fuller and warmer, A string can sound a bit nasal
27
cello - tone
powerful and rich
28
viola - sound radiation
LF/LMF - omni below 500 Hz HMF / HF - directive towards the front
29
violin - sound radiation
LF / LMF - omni below 400 Hz HMF / HF - directive towards front
30
cello - sound radiation
Below 165 - omni abouve 165 - more directive towards front
31
double bass - sound radiation
directive towards front, slight low mid bias on R side
32
double bass - practical range (no extension)
E1 (41 Hz) - B3 (247 Hz)
33
double bass - standard tuning
E1 (41 Hz) - A1 (55 Hz) - D2 (73 Hz) - G2 (98 Hz)
34
double bass - clef
bass
35
double bass - transposing or non?
sounds 8ve below written
36
guitar - sound radiation
limited acoustic projection LF - omni below 165 Hz MF/HF - more directive towards front
37
guitar - safe pop range
8ve and min 6 (21 ST per string)
38
DEF: 'détaché' (strings)
separate notes with alternating bows, without lifting bow
39
DEF: 'legato' (strings)
play notes connected, with bow in constant contact with strings
40
DEF: 'portato' (strings)
notes played on single bows, slightly separated/emphasised
41
DEF: 'glissando'
sliding between notes
42
DEF: 'staccato' (strings)
short and detached (alternating) bowing, where notes have approximately half of the notated length
43
DEF: 'slurred staccato' (strings)
slur with shortened notes
44
DEF: 'spiccato' (aka. 'saltando') (strings)
'off-string' bounced bowing
45
DEF: 'martelé' (strings)
'off-string' hammered stroke, ending abruptly
46
DEF: jeté (ricochet) (strings)
'off string' light bouncing staccato on a repeated note and in a single direction
47
DEF: sul ponticello (strings)
bowing close to the bridge
48
DEF: col legno (strings)
strings hit with the stick (wooden side of the bow)
49
DEF: trill (strings)
fast alternation between two notes a second away from each other
50
DEF: fingered tremolo (strings)
a trill with notes further than a 2nd apart
51
DEF: bowed tremolo (strings)
alternating bow strokes of a single note
52
DEF: pizzicato (strings)
finger plucking of strings
53
DEF: harmonics (strings)
produced through the light tapping or bowing of a string node
54
common chamber ensemble sizes (strings)
2: 1:1 4: 2:2 8: 2:2 12: 4:4 8 vln, 2 cello 12 vln, 4 cello 8: 6:4:4 - strong med. size pop string section 16: 14:12:10:8 - std symphonic string section
55
how many violas usually carry a soli part
2
56
how many violins usually carry a soli part
3 violins, 2 if using tremolo
57
how many players per 'desk'
two
58
DEF: divisi (strings)
splitting of a section (ie. vla 1, vla 2)
59
instruments in woodwind family
flute, clarinet, sax, oboe, english horn, bassoon
60
flute - practical range
C4 (262 Hz) to C7 (2093 Hz)
61
flute - sound projection
MF - more directional toward front HF - bias toward tail end
62
types of flutes
C flute piccolo flute alto flute bass flute
63
piccolo flute - practical range
D5 to C8
64
piccolo flute - transposing or non?
transposing, plays 8ve above written
65
flute - clef
treble
66
alto flute - range
G3 - G6
67
alto flute - transposing or non?
sounds 4th below written
68
bass flute - range
C3 - C5
69
bass flute - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 8ve below written
70
oboe - range
Bb3 (233 Hz) to D6 (1174 Hz)
71
oboe - clef
treble
72
oboe - sound radiation
LF/LFM - omni below Bb4 HMF/HF bias around bell
73
oboe - reed
double reed
74
oboe - range
Bb3 - D6, possibly extending to F6
75
oboe - transposing or non?
non transposing
76
English horn - reed
double reed
77
english horn - range
E3 to F5, possibly extending to Bb5
78
english horn - transposing or non?
sounds 5th below written
79
Bb clarinet - range
D3 to Bb6
80
Bb clarinet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds maj 2nd below concert
81
Bb clarinet - sound radiation
LF - omni MF - bias through body of instrument HMF/HF - near bell
82
types of clarinets
Bb clarinet A clarinet Bb bass clarinet Eb clarinet (soprano)
83
A clarinet - range
C#3 to A6
84
Bb bass clarinet - range
D2 to F5
85
A clarinet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds min 3rd below written
86
Bb bass clarinet - transposing or non?
sounds 9th below written
87
bassoon - range
Bb1 (58 Hz) to A4 (440 Hz)
88
bassoon - transposing or non?
non transposing
89
bassoon - sound radiation
LF - omni MF bias to either side HMF/HF bias around bell (on top)
90
bassoon - reed
double reed
91
clarinet - reed
single
92
bassoon - clef
bass clef (low register) and/or treble clef (high register)
93
soprano sax - range
Ab3 (208 Hz) to Eb6 (1245 Hz)
94
soprano sax - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds maj 2nd below written
95
soprano sax - clef
treble
96
soprano sax - sound projection
LMF - omni HMF/HF - bias at bell
97
alto sax - range
Eb3 (156 Hz) to G5 (784 Hz)
98
alto sax - clef
treble
99
alto sax - transposing or non
transposing, sounds major 6th below written
100
alto sax - sound projection
omni below 311 Hz about 311 Hz - directive toward front, bright on axis of the bell
101
tenor sax - range
Bb2 (117 Hz) to D5 (587 Hz)
102
tenor sax - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds major 9th below written
103
tenor sax - clef
treble
104
tenor sax - sound radiation
omni below 233 Hz MF directive toward front HMF/HF bias on axis out of bell
105
baritone sax - range
Eb2 (78 H) to G4 (392 Hz)
106
baritone sax - clef
treble
107
baritone sax - transposing or non?
transposing, sound major 13th below written
108
types of saxophone
soprano alto tenor bari
109
DEF: tonguing (woodwinds)
general articulation for wind instruments, notes commonly started by gonguing syllable 'tu'
110
DEF: double tonguing (woodwinds)
fast tonguing with alternating 'syllables' ('tu', 'ku')
111
DEF: triple tonguing (woodwinds)
faster tonguing with alternating 'syllables' ('tu' 'ku' 'tu')
112
DEF: flutter tonguing (woodwinds)
fast repitition of single notes by rolling the tongue
113
DEF: legato (woodwinds)
slurred playing with tonguing of first note
114
DEF: soft legato (woodwinds)
every note is tongued gently ('du')
115
DEF: staccato (woodwinds)
notes started and stopped by tongue and played approx half notated length
116
instruments in the brass family
trumpet trombone tuba french horn
117
french horn - range
F2 (87 Hz) to C5 (523 Hz)
118
french horn - transposing or non?
tranposing, sounds a P5th below written
119
french horn - clef
treble
120
french horn - sound radiation
no true omni range more directive towards rear and right (performers perspective) - where bell is
121
Bb trumpet - range
E3 (165 Hz) to C6 (1047 Hz)
122
Bb trumpet - clef
treble
123
Bb trumpet - transposing or non?
tranposing, sounds major second below written
124
Bb trumpet - sound radiation
LF/LMF - omni below 450 Hz MF - directive toward front HMF/HF bias in front of bell
125
instruments in trumpet family
Bb cornet flugelhorn piccolo trumpet bass trumpet
126
cornet - range
E3 to G5
127
cornet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds a second below written
128
flugelhorn - range
E3 to G5 (narrower than Bb trumpet)
129
flugelhorn - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 2nd below written
130
piccolo trumpet - range
D4 to F6
131
piccolo trumpet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds a 2nd below written
132
bass trumpets - types
C, Eb, Bb
133
c bass trumpet - transposing
transposing, sound 8vb
134
Eb bass trumpet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 6th below written
135
Bb bass trumpet - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 9th below written
136
trombone - range
E2 (82 Hz) to A4 (440 Hz)
137
trombone - clef
bass
138
trombone - transposing or non?
non transposing
139
trombone - sound radiation
LF/LMF omni radiation below 350 Hz MF directive toward front HMF/HF bias in front of bell
140
types of trombone
slide (tenor) trombone valve (tenor) trombone bass trombone
141
bass trombone - range
E1 to B4
142
tuba - range
F1 (44 Hz) to F4 (349 Hz)
143
tuba - clef
bass clef
144
tuba - transposing or non?
non transposing
145
tuba - sound radiation
narrow band omni below 90 Hz MF directive toward the fron HMF/HF bias immediately infront of bell
146
DEF: cluster voicings
chords incorporating very small intervals (less than 3rd)
147
DEF: closed position voicings ('pure')
voices comprised of chord tones as close together as possible
148
DEF: open voicing
chords build of non-compact intervals and possibly spreading over more than one 8ve
149
DEF: semi-open voicings
drop 2
150
types of mutes for brass
straight mute cup mute bucket mute plunger mute harmon mute
151
percussion families
definite and indefinite pitch
152
instruments in the definite pitch family of percussion instruments
celeste chimes & tubular bells crotales glockenspiel marimba timpani vibraphone xylophone
153
percussion instruments in the indefinite pitch family
bass drum cymbals tenor drum snare conga tam tam toms
154
four way voicing techniques
* may incorporate a chord tone, tension or even an avoid note on the lead * avoid minor second between top 2 voices * if tension is in the lead, always skip the note below
155
celest - range
C4 - C8
156
celeste -- transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 8va written
157
chimes & tubular bells - range
Eb3 - G5
158
Chimes & tubular bells - transposing or non?
non
159
crotales - range
C6 - C8
160
crotales - transposing or non?
Sound 2 8ves above written
161
glockenspiel - range
F5 - F8
162
glockenspiel - transposing or non?
transposing, sounds 2 8ves above written
163

Term 2 Theory Prep (11 decks)

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