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OCR A CHEM > aromatic compounds > Flashcards

aromatic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the prefix for benzene?

A

Phenyl

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2
Q

For what compounds is phenyl the prefix for?

A

Amine, ketone, alcohol

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3
Q

What is the name of a compound where an oh group is attatched to a benzene

A

Phenol

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4
Q

What is the name of a compound where an amine is attatched to a benzene ring?

A

Phenylamine

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5
Q

What is the name of a compound where an ethanoate is attatched to a benzene ?

A

Phenylethanone

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6
Q

When is benzene the prefix on compounds?

A

For carboxylix acids and aldehydes.

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7
Q

What does kekules structure of a benzene describe?

A

Cyclic structure with alternating carbon to carbon double and single bonds

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8
Q

On kekule structure, describe the bonds

A

P orbitals overlap above and below the bond forming pie bonds. Pie bonds are localised to 3 spots

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9
Q

Give the evidence for why Kekule structure is wrong

A

Chemical evidence.
C=C don’t react with Br2, hbr, h2so4 as you would expect it to. So, no C=C so NO ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION reactions.

Bond length
Each bonds same length. C=C would be shorter.
Each bond has an INTERMEDIATE bond length between carbons

Thermochemical evidence
Enthalpy change of HYDROGENATION to convert cyclohexene to cyclohexane is DeltaH -120Kjmol-1
Expected 3 x 120 = DeltaH -360kjmol-1. Reality = 208kjmol-1
MORE STABKE than alkenes. LESS EXOTHERMIC than expected.

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10
Q

What product does a phenol with a metal produce?

A

Salt + hydrogen.
2 phenol + 2Na > 2 o- on phenol + H 2

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11
Q

What is the friedel crafts reaction?

A

When a H atom is substituted for an alkyl group on a benzene ring

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12
Q

write an equation for a benzene + CH3Cl

A

Benzene + ch3cl —> (AlCL3 on arrow) methylbenzene + HCl

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13
Q

If AlCL3 is the catalyst for a benzene alkylation reaction, write the step 1 and step 3 equations.

A

Step 1:
CH3Cl + ALCL3 —-> Ch3+ + ALCL4-

Step 3:
ALCL4- + H+ —> AlCl3 + HCl

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14
Q

What if functional group where a C is joined to a double bond O and a Cl

A

Acyl chloride

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15
Q

What is the catalyst for acylation ?

A

Al(halogen)3
AlCl3

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16
Q

In acylation, what do you add to a benzene ring?

A

Ch3COCl

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17
Q

Is phenol more pre less soluble than alcohol?

A

Less

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18
Q

Why is phenol less soluble than alcohol ?

A

Due to its non-polar benzene ring.

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19
Q

When dissolved in water, what happens to phenol?

A

It partially dissosiates to form a PHENOXIDE ION and a PROTON

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20
Q

What is a phenoxide ion?

A

A phenol without the H. O- is it’s functional group

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21
Q

What does an acid + alkali =?

A

Salt and water

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22
Q

Phenols react with NaOH to make what?

A

Sodium phenoxide (salt) and water

23
Q

what is the functional oate? On the end of a benzene for? E.g. benzoate.

A

Benzene. C to Double bond O and OCH3

24
Q

What is the functional group on benzene for nitrobenzene?

A

N2

25
Q

What is the catalyst for phenols reacting with sodium hydroxide?

A

H2so4

26
Q

What carries the functional group when phenols react with NAOH

A

HNO3

27
Q

What is the functional group for an aldehyde on a benzene?

A

CHO

28
Q

Write the step 1 equation for phenol reacting with NAOH

A

H2so4 + HNO3 > NO2+ H2so4- + H20

29
Q

how is an acid anhydride formed?

A

When water is removed from two molecules or carboxylic acid

30
Q

what carboxylic acid forms Ethanoic anhydride and water?

A

Ethanoic acid

31
Q

In an anhydride what bond joins between the carboxylic acids?

A

C-O-C
Keep C=O but OH remove O and H2 (water)

32
Q

What acid anhydride is formed from 2 x Ethanoic acid

A

Ethanoicanhydride

33
Q

What functional groups are in methyl ethanoate?

A

Methyl (CH3)
ester (C-O-C)

34
Q

Ethanoic anhydride + methanol —> ?

A

Methyl ethanoate + Ethanoic acid

35
Q

An anhydride and an alcohol form what?

A

An ester and a carboxylic acid

36
Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol = ?

A

Ester

37
Q

Ethanoic acid + methanol -> ?

A

Methyl ethanoate + water

38
Q

What is Esterification?

A

When a carboxylic acid is added to an alcohol to form (alcohol name) ester and water

39
Q

Name the raegent and conditions for esterifictaion

A

Raegent= H2SO4 catalyst
Conditions= warm

40
Q

What is the raegents for synthesis of nitrobenzene?

A

AlCl3 (Al halogen)
CH3Cl

41
Q

What type of amines are there?

A

Primary, secondary and tertiary

42
Q

What is the primary amine suffix?

A

Amine

43
Q

What is an amine group?

A

NH2

44
Q

What is the secondary and tertiary prefix for amines?

A

Amino. E.g 2 aminopropane

45
Q

Name the 2 types of hydrolysis?

A

Acid hydrolysis
Alkaline hydrolysis

46
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

The chemical breakdown of a compound in the presence of water in an aqueous solution

47
Q

What type of reaction is an acid hydrolysis ?

A

Reversible reaction

48
Q

What is acid hydrolysis heater under?

A

Reflux with dilute squamous acid

49
Q

In acid hydrolysis, what is an ester broken down by?

A

Water using acid as the catalyst

50
Q

Give an example of an aqueous acid in an acid hydrolysis equation

A

HCL (aq)

51
Q

In acid hydrolysis, methyl ethanoate is added to water, what are the products?

A

Ethanoic acid + methanol

52
Q

What type of reaction is alkaline hydrolysis

A

Irreversible

53
Q

In an alkaline hydrolysis reaction, methyl ethanoate is added to NaOH(aq). What is produced?

A

Sodium ethanoate + methanol

OCR A CHEM (2 decks)

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