aromatic compounds

Question 1

what is the prefix for benzene?

Answer 1

Phenyl

Question 2

For what compounds is phenyl the prefix for?

Answer 2

Amine, ketone, alcohol

Question 3

What is the name of a compound where an oh group is attatched to a benzene

Answer 3

Phenol

Question 4

What is the name of a compound where an amine is attatched to a benzene ring?

Answer 4

Phenylamine

Question 5

What is the name of a compound where an ethanoate is attatched to a benzene ?

Answer 5

Phenylethanone

Question 6

When is benzene the prefix on compounds?

Answer 6

For carboxylix acids and aldehydes.

Question 7

What does kekules structure of a benzene describe?

Answer 7

Cyclic structure with alternating carbon to carbon double and single bonds

Question 8

On kekule structure, describe the bonds

Answer 8

P orbitals overlap above and below the bond forming pie bonds. Pie bonds are localised to 3 spots

Question 9

Give the evidence for why Kekule structure is wrong

Answer 9

Chemical evidence.
C=C don’t react with Br2, hbr, h2so4 as you would expect it to. So, no C=C so NO ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION reactions.

Bond length
Each bonds same length. C=C would be shorter.
Each bond has an INTERMEDIATE bond length between carbons

Thermochemical evidence
Enthalpy change of HYDROGENATION to convert cyclohexene to cyclohexane is DeltaH -120Kjmol-1
Expected 3 x 120 = DeltaH -360kjmol-1. Reality = 208kjmol-1
MORE STABKE than alkenes. LESS EXOTHERMIC than expected.

Question 10

What product does a phenol with a metal produce?

Answer 10

Salt + hydrogen.
2 phenol + 2Na > 2 o- on phenol + H 2

Question 11

What is the friedel crafts reaction?

Answer 11

When a H atom is substituted for an alkyl group on a benzene ring

Question 12

write an equation for a benzene + CH3Cl

Answer 12

Benzene + ch3cl —> (AlCL3 on arrow) methylbenzene + HCl

Question 13

If AlCL3 is the catalyst for a benzene alkylation reaction, write the step 1 and step 3 equations.

Answer 13

Step 1:
CH3Cl + ALCL3 —-> Ch3+ + ALCL4-

Step 3:
ALCL4- + H+ —> AlCl3 + HCl

Question 14

What if functional group where a C is joined to a double bond O and a Cl

Answer 14

Acyl chloride

Question 15

What is the catalyst for acylation ?

Answer 15

Al(halogen)3
AlCl3

Question 16

In acylation, what do you add to a benzene ring?

Answer 16

Ch3COCl

Question 17

Is phenol more pre less soluble than alcohol?

Answer 17

Less

Question 18

Why is phenol less soluble than alcohol ?

Answer 18

Due to its non-polar benzene ring.

Question 19

When dissolved in water, what happens to phenol?

Answer 19

It partially dissosiates to form a PHENOXIDE ION and a PROTON

Question 20

What is a phenoxide ion?

Answer 20

A phenol without the H. O- is it’s functional group

Question 21

What does an acid + alkali =?

Answer 21

Salt and water

Question 22

Phenols react with NaOH to make what?

Answer 22

Sodium phenoxide (salt) and water

Question 23

what is the functional oate? On the end of a benzene for? E.g. benzoate.

Answer 23

Benzene. C to Double bond O and OCH3

Question 24

What is the functional group on benzene for nitrobenzene?

Answer 24

N2

Question 25

What is the catalyst for phenols reacting with sodium hydroxide?

Answer 25

H2so4

Question 26

What carries the functional group when phenols react with NAOH

Answer 26

HNO3

Question 27

What is the functional group for an aldehyde on a benzene?

Answer 27

CHO

Question 28

Write the step 1 equation for phenol reacting with NAOH

Answer 28

H2so4 + HNO3 > NO2+ H2so4- + H20

Question 29

how is an acid anhydride formed?

Answer 29

When water is removed from two molecules or carboxylic acid

Question 30

what carboxylic acid forms Ethanoic anhydride and water?

Answer 30

Ethanoic acid

Question 31

In an anhydride what bond joins between the carboxylic acids?

Answer 31

C-O-C Keep C=O but OH remove O and H2 (water)

Question 32

What acid anhydride is formed from 2 x Ethanoic acid

Answer 32

Ethanoicanhydride

Question 33

What functional groups are in methyl ethanoate?

Answer 33

Methyl (CH3) ester (C-O-C)

Question 34

Ethanoic anhydride + methanol —> ?

Answer 34

Methyl ethanoate + Ethanoic acid

Question 35

An anhydride and an alcohol form what?

Answer 35

An ester and a carboxylic acid

Question 36

Carboxylic acid + alcohol = ?

Answer 36

Ester

Question 37

Ethanoic acid + methanol -> ?

Answer 37

Methyl ethanoate + water

Question 38

What is Esterification?

Answer 38

When a carboxylic acid is added to an alcohol to form (alcohol name) ester and water

Question 39

Name the raegent and conditions for esterifictaion

Answer 39

Raegent= H2SO4 catalyst Conditions= warm

Question 40

What is the raegents for synthesis of nitrobenzene?

Answer 40

AlCl3 (Al halogen) CH3Cl

Question 41

What type of amines are there?

Answer 41

Primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 42

What is the primary amine suffix?

Answer 42

Amine

Question 43

What is an amine group?

Answer 43

NH2

Question 44

What is the secondary and tertiary prefix for amines?

Answer 44

Amino. E.g 2 aminopropane

Question 45

Name the 2 types of hydrolysis?

Answer 45

Acid hydrolysis Alkaline hydrolysis

Question 46

Define hydrolysis

Answer 46

The chemical breakdown of a compound in the presence of water in an aqueous solution

Question 47

What type of reaction is an acid hydrolysis ?

Answer 47

Reversible reaction

Question 48

What is acid hydrolysis heater under?

Answer 48

Reflux with dilute squamous acid

Question 49

In acid hydrolysis, what is an ester broken down by?

Answer 49

Water using acid as the catalyst

Question 50

Give an example of an aqueous acid in an acid hydrolysis equation

Answer 50

HCL (aq)

Question 51

In acid hydrolysis, methyl ethanoate is added to water, what are the products?

Answer 51

Ethanoic acid + methanol

Question 52

What type of reaction is alkaline hydrolysis

Answer 52

Irreversible

Question 53

In an alkaline hydrolysis reaction, methyl ethanoate is added to NaOH(aq). What is produced?

Answer 53

Sodium ethanoate + methanol