Army (in 1st century BC) Flashcards

1
Q

century

A

smallest unit of a legion

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2
Q

maniple

A

double a century (later dropped in favor of a cohort)

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3
Q

cohort

A

6 times a century

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4
Q

legion

A

basic fighting unit of the Roman army

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5
Q

contubernium

A

6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)

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6
Q

dux

A

general

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7
Q

imperator

A

victorious general

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8
Q

legatus

A

legionary commander

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9
Q

centurio

A

leader of a century

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10
Q

optio

A

2nd in command to a centurio

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11
Q

toga picta

A

worn by victorious generals

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12
Q

tesserae

A

passwords

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13
Q

signum

A

standard

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14
Q

signifer

A

holder of standard (a century or cohort)

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15
Q

aquila

A

silver or bronze eagle-standard (of a legion)

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16
Q

aquilifer

A

holder of the eagle

17
Q

cornicen

A

horn blower

18
Q

vexillum

A

flag

19
Q

pedites

A

infantry

20
Q

equites

A

calvary

21
Q

scorpio

A

dart thrower (standing crossbow used by one man)

22
Q

ballista

A

dart or stone throwing siege engine, larger than a scorpio

23
Q

onager

A

siege engine (like a catapult), threw boulders; means “wild ass” for its kick

24
Q

catapulta

A

siege engine which girls javelins

25
Q

gladius

A

sword

26
Q

scutum

A

shield

27
Q

galea

A

helmet (originally only made of leather)

28
Q

cassis

A

helmet (originally made of only metal)

29
Q

pilum

A

javelin

30
Q

hasta

A

spear (used by triarii and hastati)

31
Q

lorica

A

leather breastplate

32
Q

cingulum

A

military belt

33
Q

caligae

A

boots

34
Q

sarcina

A

soldier’s cloak/blanket

35
Q

pugio

A

dagger