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SIFT Test > Army Aviation > Flashcards

Army Aviation Flashcards

1
Q

What do all turbine helicopters have that only some Piston helicopters have?

A

Governor

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2
Q

Where is the horizontal reference datum located?

A

It varies with each manufacturer

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3
Q

The _______ position relative to the horizon determines the helicopter’s direction travel and attitude.

A

Cyclic

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4
Q

What entry speed should helicopters initially start with when training for rapid deceleration?

A

45 knots

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5
Q

What helicopter has has been the Army’s primary training system since 1993?

A

Bell TH-67

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6
Q

What occurs when the tail rotor becomes more aerodynamically efficient during the transition from hover to flight?

A

Translational thrust

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7
Q

What is the solidity ratio?

A

The ratio of the total rotor blade area to the total rotor disk area

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8
Q

What are the four controls used by a helicopter pilot during flight?

A
  1. Collective pitch
  2. Throttle
  3. Cyclic Pitch
  4. Anti-torque pedals
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9
Q

What does each gallon of reciprocating engine oil weigh?

A

7.5 lbs

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10
Q

What percent must the pilot increase rotor thrust / engine power by to maintain airspeed in a 2G/60* turn?

A

100%

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11
Q

At what altitude AGL should a high reconnaissance be flown?

A

300-500 ft AGL

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12
Q

What twin engine, tandem rotor helicopter became prominent in the Vietnam War and is still currently in use?

A

CH-47 Chinook

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13
Q

What changes the angle of incidence (AOA) differentially around rotor system?

A

Cyclic feathering

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14
Q

What describes the relationship between internal fluid pressure and fluid velocity?

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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15
Q

What power setting should be used during terminations to a hover?

A

100% of Maximum

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16
Q

During the approach to a pinnacle, how fast should the rate of closure appear?

A

As fast as the pace of a brisk walk

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17
Q

What are the four types of drag?

A
  1. Profile
  2. Induced
  3. Parasite
  4. Total
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18
Q

What army helicopter is the lightest (has lowest empty weight)?

A

The OH-58A Kiowa has the lowest empty weight: 1583 lbs

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19
Q

When at a hover, what’s it called when a single main rotor helicopter tends to move in the direction of tail rotor?

A

Translating tendency

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20
Q

What changes a helicopter’s AOA?

A

Cyclic pitch

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21
Q

When is a forward CG not obvious?

A

When hovering at a strong headwind

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22
Q

What term has the same meaning as load factor?

A

Effective weight

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23
Q

On most helicopters, what does the torque do during left turns?

A

Increases

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24
Q

What does the torque do during right turns?

A

Decreases

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25
Q

During application of aft cyclic, what does the torque and rotor speed do?

A

Torque speed decreases

Rotor speed increases

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26
Q

During application of forward cyclic, what does the torque and rotor speed do?

A

Torque increases

Rotor speed decreases

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27
Q

What kind of approach flight path should be taken when climbing to a ridge line?

A

Parallel to the ridge line and into the wind.

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28
Q

What is the US Army’s primary light utility helicopter?

A

UH-72 Lakota

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29
Q

What law of physics is referred to as the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum?

A

The Coriolis Effect

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30
Q

What does the Coriolis Effect state?

A

That the value of angular momentum of a rotating body doesn’t change unless an external force is applied.

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31
Q

What control mechanism is located to the left of the pilots seat?

A

Collective Pitch Control

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32
Q

What is one required action of the pilot while entering a climb maintaining airspeed?

A

Increase the collective and throttle

Also adjust the pedals as necessary to maintain a centered ball in the slip/skid indicator

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33
Q

Approximately how many degrees of an approach angle is considered a steep approach?

A

13-15 degrees

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34
Q

What US Army helicopter is an attack platform that features four hard points on stub wing pylons, and usually carries a combination of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods?

A

AH-64 Apache

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35
Q

What factors can make it unsafe to to take off operating at max gross weight?

A

High altitude
High temperatures
High Humidity conditions

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36
Q

In a standard airplane traffic pattern, which of the five legs is known as the crosswind leg?

A

The second leg

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37
Q

What is the normal maximum slope for slope landings?

A

5 degrees

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38
Q

What is US Army helicopter has the highest maximum speed?

A

CH-47 Chinook

170 knots

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39
Q

In what speed range does the helicopter experience Effective translational lift ETL when transitioning to forward flight?

A

16-24 knots

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40
Q

What controls the direction in which the nose of the helicopter points.

A

Anti-torque pedals

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41
Q

How much does a gallon of JP-8 fuel weigh?

A

6.5 lbs

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42
Q

A hover taxi is used when operating how many feet AGL?

A

25 ft

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43
Q

During a steep approach, below how many feet AGL should the anti-torque pedals be adjusted to align the helicopter with the intended touchdown point?

A

100 ft

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44
Q

What is the primary function for the OH-58 Kiowa?

A

Armed reconnaissance in support of ground troops

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45
Q

The main forces acting on a helicopter are:

A

Lift
Weight
Thrust
Drag

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46
Q

What is the forward force produced by the power plant / propeller or rotor?

A

Thrust

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47
Q

What is the rearward, retarding force caused by the disruption of airflow you the wing, rotor, fuselage and other protruding objects?

A

Drag

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48
Q

What is the combined load of the aircraft itself, the crew, the fuel and the cargo or baggage?

A

Weight

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49
Q

What opposes the downward force of weight and is produced by the dynamic effect of the air acting on the airfoil?

A

Lift

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50
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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51
Q

Above how many degrees of bank does the apparent increase of weight skyrocket?

A

30 degrees

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52
Q

How is profile drag developed?

A

From the frictional resistance of the rotor blades passing through the air.

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53
Q

How is induced drag generated?

A

By the airflow circulation around the rotor blade as it creates lift.

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54
Q

What is the main cause of drag at lower speeds?

A

Induced drag

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55
Q

What kind of drag is present any time the aircraft is moving though the air, increasing with airspeed?

A

Parasite drag

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56
Q

What is the total drag?

A

The sum of all three types of drag

Parasite
Induced
Profile

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57
Q

The low point on the total drag curve that shows airspeed at which drag is minimized is called what?

A

L/D Max

Lift to Drag ratio is greatest at this point

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58
Q

Any surface producing more lift than drag when passing through The air at a suitable angle is called what?

A

An Airfoil

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59
Q

The length of the rotor blade from the the center of rotation to tip of the blade is called

A

Blade span

60
Q

A straight line intersecting leading and trailing edges of the airfoil is called

A

Chord line

61
Q

The length of the chord line from the leading edge to trailing edge is called

A

Chord

It is the characteristic longitude like dimension of the airfoil section

62
Q

A line drawn halfway in between the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil is called

A

Mean camber line

63
Q

What’s the front edge of an airfoil?

A

The Leading edge

64
Q

What’s the name of the speed and direction of the airfoil passing through the air?

A

Flightpath velocity

65
Q

What is defined as the airflow relative to an airfoil and is created by movement of an airfoil through the air?

A

Relative wind

66
Q

The rearmost edge of an airfoil is

A

Trailing edge

67
Q

The downward flow of air through the rotor disk is

A

Induced Flow

68
Q

Relative wind modified by induced flow is

A

Resultant relative wind

69
Q

The angle measured between the resultant relative wind and chord line is called

A

Angle of Attack (AOA)

70
Q

The angle between the chord line of the blade and the rotor hub is called

A

Angle of Incidence (AOI)
Or
Blade Pitch Angle

71
Q

The point along the chord line of an airfoil through which all aerodynamic forces are considered to act is called

A

Center of Pressure

72
Q

The center point and attaching point on the last for the root of a blade is called

A

Hub

73
Q

The farthest out board section of the rotor blade is called

A

Tip

74
Q

The point that attaches to the hub which is also the inboard end of a blade is called

A

Root

75
Q

The change in blade incidence from the root to the outer blade is called

A

Twist

76
Q

What direction does relative wind move in relation to airfoil

A

In a parallel but opposite direction to movement of the airfoil

77
Q

What do rotor blades produce as they turn about the mast

A

Rotational Relative Wind

78
Q

The increased efficiency of the rotor system caused by interference of the airflow (this is due to the fact that the air pressure or density is increased, which acts to decrease the downward velocity of air) when near the ground is called

A

Ground Effect

Or aircraft is In Ground Effect [IGE]

79
Q

As power applied changes what also changes

A

Torque created

80
Q

Since he Fuselage of the helicopter, with a single main rotor, is suspended from a single point and has considerable Mass, it is free to oscillate like a pendulum. What’s this called?

A

Pendular action

81
Q

As the lift on the blades is increases (In a takeoff for example) two major forces are acting at the same time - centrifugal force acting outward and lift acting upward… What does this cause in the blades?

A

Coning

82
Q

What does the Coriolis effect state?

A

The value of angular momentum of a rotating body does not change unless an external force is applied

83
Q

Four fundamentals of flight upon which all maneuvers based

A

Straight and Level Flight

Turns

Climbs

Descents

84
Q

Normal helicopter landings usually require _____ power settings, with terminations to a hover requiring the _____ setting

A

High

Highest

85
Q

A vertical takeoff to a hover involves flying the helicopter from the ground vertically to a skid height of _____ ft, while maintaining a constant heading

A

2-3

86
Q

What controls heading, direction of turn, and rate of turn at hover?

A

Anti torque pedals

87
Q

What controls hover height, rate of ascent and descent?

A

Collective

88
Q

What controls heli position and direction of travel?

A

Cyclic

89
Q

______ is the maneuver in which the helicopter is maintained in nearly motionless flight over a reference point at a constant altitude and on a constant heading

A

Hovering

90
Q

A ______ _______ is a maneuver performed at hovering altitude in which the nose of the helicopter is rotated either left or right while maintaining position over a reference point on the surface

A

Hovering turn

91
Q

__________is normally used to move a helicopter to a specific location, and it may begin from a stationary hover

A

Forward hovering flight

92
Q

________ May be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when conditions make it impossible to use forward flight.

A

Sideward hovering flight

93
Q

__________ May be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when the situation is such that forward or side ward hovering flight cannot be used.

A

Rearward hovering flight

94
Q

________ refers to operations on or near the surface of taxiways or other prescribed routes

A

Taxiing

95
Q

What are the three types of taxiing?

A

Hover taxi
Air taxi
Surface taxi

96
Q

A hover taxi is used when operating below _______ above ground level (AGL)

A

25 feet

97
Q

During any hovering maneuver __________ should be maintained

A

Constant groundspeed, altitude, and heading

98
Q

_________ Is preferred when movements require greater distances within an airport or heliport boundary

A

Air taxi

99
Q

_________ Is used to minimize the effects of rotor downwash

A

Surface taxi

100
Q

_________ Is an orderly transition to forward flight and is executed to increase altitude safely and expeditiously

A

A normal take off from A hover

101
Q

Is used to move the helicopter from a position on the surface into effective translational lift in a normal climb using a minimum amount of power

A

A normal take off from the surface

This technique provides the most favorable visibility conditions and reduces the possibility of debris being ingested by the engine

102
Q

If the take off is made during cross wind conditions the Helicoper is flown in a ______ during the early stages of the maneuver

A

Slip

103
Q

If a take off is made during cross wind conditions after approximately _______ ft of altitude is gained, make a coordinated turn into the wind to maintain the desired ground track

A

50

104
Q

______ is flight and which constant altitude and heading are maintained

A

Straight and level flight

105
Q

A ______ is a maneuver used to change the heading of the helicopter

A

Turn

106
Q

A _____ occurs when the helicopter slide sideways toward the center of the turn

A

Slip

107
Q

If you hold improper antitorque pedal pressure, which keeps the nose from following the turn, the helicopter _______ sideways toward the center of the turn

A

Slips

108
Q

A ______ occurs when the helicopter Slidez sideways away from the center of the turn

A

Skid

109
Q

A ______ is caused by too much antitorque pedal pressure in the direction of the turn, or by two little in the direction opposite the turn in relation to the amount of power used

A

Skid

110
Q

A ______ occurs when the rate of turn is too great for the amount of bank being used, and a _______ occurs when the rate of turn is too low for the amount of bank being used

A

Skid

Slip

111
Q

A helicopter is

A

A type of rotorcraft

112
Q

Helicopter turbine engines produce _____ thrust per pound then piston engines

A

More

113
Q

Helicopters typically have between blank and blank main rotor blades

A

2, 6

114
Q

Depending on the type of helicopter, main rotor system components can include

A 
Stabilizer bar, 
upper and lower swashplate's, counterweights, 
pitch horns, 
Teeter or coning hinges, 
blade grips, 
pitch and scissor links,
control rods
115
Q

What is the function of the fly bar

A

To decrease crosswind thrust on the blades and enhance flight stability by keeping the bar stable as the rotor spends

116
Q

Many helicopters have a horizontal stabilizer located where

A

On the tailboom

117
Q

What is the purpose of the tail rotor

A

To produce an antitorque force acting perpendicular to the helicopters longitudinal axis

118
Q

Wheels on blank types of helicopters are blank

A

Some, retractable

119
Q

From a physics perspective, the blank force is deemed to act through a helicopters blank

A

Total weight, center of gravity

120
Q

When a pilot banks a helicopter, causing it to turn, what happens to the machines weight

A

It increases

121
Q

In the case of helicopters, lift is produced by blank moving through the air at a speed sufficient to create blank

A

Airfoils , a pressure differential

122
Q

Thrust acts blank to the Aircrafts blank

A

Parallel, longitudinal axis

123
Q

Vortices produced by spinning rotor blades create what

A

Induced drag

124
Q

When plotted on a graph, L/D Max is the point where the helicopters

A

Total lift to Drag ratio is the greatest

125
Q

I Helicopers potential energy is affected by

A

The Aircrafts height above the ground

126
Q

Blank all affect the lift produced by spinning rotor blades

A

Airfoil coefficient of lift,
air density,
blade area

127
Q

What happens when a helicopters main rotor blades spin rapidly

A

The upper and lower sides of each blade experience a difference in pressure

128
Q

Newtons third law of motion applies to helicopters because

A

The spinning main rotor makes the aircraft try to spin in the opposite direction

129
Q

When the pilot pushes the cyclic forward

A

The main rotor disc tilts forward

130
Q

What unique characteristic do multi engine helicopters have

A

A throttle lever for each engine

131
Q

When the pilot once the Helicopers knows to move weft or right he or she

A

Pushes on the corresponding antitorque pedal

132
Q

For Helicopers with a main rotor disc that spins counterclockwise, the blank airflow speed happens when each blade reaches the blank position

A

Maximum, 3 o’clock

133
Q

On the advancing rotor blade, lift blanks and the blade blanks

A

Increases,

moves upward

134
Q

The angle between the blank of a rotor blade and its direction of motion relative to the blank is the angle of attack, which is blank angle

A

Chord line,
Air,
an aerodynamic

135
Q

The angle of incidence is between the blank line of each blade and the rotor systems blank

A

Chord,

plane of rotation

136
Q

When a helicopter engine blanks, a clutch mechanism called a blank does what

A

Fails,

freewheeling unit automatically disconnects the engine from the main rotor, allowing it to spin freely

137
Q

During an auto rotation and forward flight, the rotor disc takes in blank air and the driven, driving, and stall regions of each blade move blank along its length or Span, but only on the blank side of the desk

A

Upward flowing, outboard, retreating

138
Q

Where there is too much lift the main rotor blades will do what

A

Flap

139
Q

Centrifugal force blank spinning helicopter main rotor blades blank

A

Pulls

Outward

140
Q

If left uncorrected, greater lift produced by the advancing side of the rotor disk compared to the lift created by the disks retreating side could make the helicopter what

A

Uncontrollable

141
Q

The driven region is blank the blade tips and normally what percent of the radius

A

Nearest, 30

142
Q

The blank region is normally between a blades blank and blank regions

A

Driving, stall, driven

143
Q

Because of gyroscopic precession, if a wind gust applies a downward force on the left side of the helicopters main rotor disk as it spins clockwise as viewed from above, the movement response occurs at the blank o’clock position

A

12

144
Q

Maximum ground effect occurs during a hover up to a height equal to what percent of the main rotors diameter

A

100

145
Q

What can a pilot due to worsen a helicopters pendular action

A

Over control the aircraft

146
Q

The phenomenon of a helicopter sinking into its own downwash is called what

A

Settling with power

SIFT Test (1 decks)

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