Army

Question 1

Activities conducted in castra can be divided into…

Answer 1

Ordinary and the duty or the watch

Question 2

The duty

Answer 2

Associated with operating the installation as a military facility

Question 3

Duty time divided into the ‘vigilia’

Answer 3

Eight watches into which the 24-hour day - stood guard for three hours a day

Question 4

Buccina

Answer 4

First watch of the day- soldiers arose at this time and collected in the company area for breakfast and assembly

Question 5

Staff meeting

Answer 5

Tribuni receive the password of the day

Question 6

Teachings to soldiers

Answer 6

Use every weapon
Ride
Archery
Spear throwing

Question 7

Jobs

Answer 7

Each soldier had a regular job on the base: from clerks to craftsmen
All soldiers skilled in all the arts of craft - interchangeable

Question 8

Supply administration

Answer 8

Businesss using money as a medium of exchange (aureus, soldius)

Question 9

Military hospital (valetudinarium, hospitum)

Answer 9

Physicians called medici ordinarii , also allowed medical students and practitioners to

Question 10

Officer privileges

Answer 10

Allowed to marry and reside with families on base

Question 11

Time of service

Answer 11

25 years then given honesta missio (certificate of honourable discharge)
At the end granted Roman citizenship - soldier and family
Spoils of war
Yearly wage of soldier: 225-300 denarii (12,000 euros)

Question 12

Communities near base

Answer 12

Common law families of soldiers
Trade purposes
Veterans went into business there

Question 13

Duties

Answer 13

• legatus responsible for duties and entire camp
  -6 tribunes divided into units of 2 and the two men of ONE unit decided who would take what day
  -curae - modern duties - distributed by lot, rotation and negotiation
  -duty year divided into time slices, one or two months
  -most common duty- posts of sentinels- excubiae by day and vigilar by night
  -wall posts - praesidia, gate posts- custodiae, cleaning and maintaining the the principia, tending to horses of each cavalry turma

Question 14

Legio Romana

Answer 14

One legion: 5280 men and 120 auxiliaries split into ten cohorts (first 960; nine 480)
One cohort divided into six centuries except for first (five centuries)
One century: 80 soldiers divided into ten contubernia (8 soldiers each)

Question 15

Briton army

Answer 15

3 Roman legions
56 auxiliary units
53,000 soldiers

Question 16

Ranks

Answer 16

SENIOR OFFICES IN LEGION:
1. legatus legionis (1).- commander of a legion, appointed by emperor for terms of 3-4 yrs
2. tribunus laticlavius (1) (senatorial). -second in command of legion
3. praefectus castrorum (1).- third in command, senior officer
4. tribunus angusticlavius (5) - equestrian class, administrative officers

CENTURIONS:
decurion: cavalry commander of
primus pilus: commanding centurion of first century of first cohort
each centurion had: one optio
aquilifer: one for each legion signifer: one for each cohort cornicen: one for each cohort
tesserarius: one for each century, assisting optio

Question 17

Training

Answer 17

Marching
Swimming
Running
Construction

Question 18

Basic characteristics of Roman camp

Answer 18

• provide accommodation for large numbers of soldiers and storage place for supplies required to support them
• some camps occupied for centuries
• some variation, but mainly a rectangle with rounded corners
• a legionary fortress covered 60 acres
• defense not the primary concern
• access to communications by road, especially by water
• vicus developed around the camp, eventually into towns (e.g. in England, -chester)