ARMENIAN GENOCIDE UNIT TEST REVIEW Flashcards
When was Armenia formed
3000 years ago
Who is attributed with first using the word genocide
Raphael Lemkin
Why was the Ottoman Empire called “The sick man of Europe”
Because the Islamic world was falling under Christian rule and the Turks had once dominated the Eastern Mediterranean, but the Ottoman Empire had crumbled.
Differences between Ottoman Armenians and Ottoman Turks
Ottoman Armenians lived under discriminatory laws/taxes, they lived in administrative districts called vilayets, Christianity. Ottoman Turks were Islamic and were not discriminated like Armenians.
How were Ottoman Armenians scapegoats
The difference in race and ethnicity. Ottoman Turks only wanted “their kind of people” and saw Ottoman Armenians as a factor stopping them. Territory, Ottoman Armenians were taking up excess neighbourhoods and territories of the Ottoman Turks.
Who were targeted first when the genocide started
Armenian Civil leaders, intellectuals, doctors, businessman, artists?
How did the Armenian Genocide start
Differing views of nationalism, religion, and wartime radicalization. They were already facing discriminatory laws previously, but the Young Turks sent orders to province leaders to gather women and children to lead them onto trains headed for the Syrian desert
Treaty of Berlin
Ended war between Ottoman Empire and Russia. Was meant to improve lives of Armenians as they were promised fairer taxation, protection from tribal attacks, and the right to testify in court.
Sultan’s response to Treaty of Berlin
He never implemented the terms and conditions of the Treaty
Who were the Hamidian Massacres?
Refers to supporters pf Abdul Hamid II, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
What caused the Hamidian Massacres
Armenians were fighting for equality and rebelling against Sultan and the government over his treatment. Over 200,000 Armenians were killed by the army and local gangs and food supply was blocked.
Which side was Turkey on during WWI, who were its allies
Central powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary. They sided with Germany to strengthen and modernize the weak Ottoman military and to provide Germany with safe passage into British colonies
Routes of deportation
They were deported along a number of routes to deserted areas, Syrian desert in particular
Death march
A forced march ordered by Talaat Pasha where Armenian women, children, and elderly were sent on marches through the Syrian Desert under terrible living conditions. People often died through disease, starvation, etc.
5 ways the Armenian Genocide ended:
- The goals of the genocide were achieved through deportations and massacres. Armenians were removed from the Eastern part of the Ottoman Empire
- WWI. Ottoman Empire dedicated their forces to fight the allies and the genocide was made less of a priority
- End of WWI. Ottoman Empire got a new leader, Mustafa Kemal and formed the Republic of Turkey
- After WWI, Armenia becomes part of USSR as Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire identified more with their Russia Armenian.
Why is the Turkish government still denying the genocide
He is very prideful and believes that Turkey would have never accept such a crime/sin. Government is afraid of potential repercussions and reparations if it were to be acknowledged. Instead, they rather reframe history by blaming and dehumanizing Armenians
How do we know that the genocide occurred
There are plenty of eye-witness counts, photographic evidence, survivor testimonies and reports of diplomats. It is unfortunate that Armenian people are forced to live in a world where their suffering is being overlooked by those who commited the genocide.
What kind of discrimination did Armenians face before the genocide
Unfair taxes and other discriminatory laws
What happened to the Armenians after the genocide
The remaining survivors were evacuated/removed from their homes and a large diaspora moved to other parts of the world like Russia, US, Iran, etc.
How many Armenians died in the genocide
1.5 million
Name of the Armenian administrative districts
Vilayets
What year was the Treaty of Berlin
1878
When was the Hamidian Massacres
1894-1897
Name of the group that held revolution to overthrow Sultan
Young Turks
Who made up the Triumvirate
3 senior officials. Mehmed Talaat Pasha, Ismail Enver Pasha (minister of war), Ahmed Cemal Pasha (minister of the navy).
When did Ottoman Empire end and change to Turkey
1922
What religion did Armenia adapt as a state religion
Christianity
Former name for Turkish capital (Istanbul)
Constantinople
Name of city where Armenians were slaughtered in 1909
Adana
Date of Armenian Genocide
April 24th, 1915
Conditions of Armenian women on the journey headed towards death march/desert
Sexual violence, deportations/murders, abducted or sold, Turkish and Kurdish convicts were set free from jail to help with the executions and physical abuse
Which groups of people were able to rescue some Armenians
Bedouins (Arab speaking normadic people of desert) and sympathetic Turkish families
When and why did the Red Army invade Armenia
- To become part of the USSR
