ARMD

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

Most common cause of blindess in the UK

Question 2

RFs

Answer 2

advancing age
Smoking
FH

Question 3

Types

Answer 3

Dry and wet

Question 4

90% of cases
also known as atrophic
characterised by drusen - yellow round spots in Bruch’s membrane

Answer 4

Dry ARMD

Question 5

10% of cases
also known as exudative or neovascular macular degeneration
characterised by choroidal neovascularisation
leakage of serous fluid and blood can subsequently result in a rapid loss of vision
carries the worst prognosis

Answer 5

Wet ARMD

Question 6

Features

Answer 6

reduced visual acuity
deterioration in vision at night
fluctuations in visual disturbance
photopsia, (a perception of flickering or flashing lights), and glare around objects
visual hallucinations –> Charles-Bonnet syndrome

Question 7

distortion of line perception may be noted on

Answer 7

Amsler grid testing

Question 8

Management dry ARMD

Answer 8

zinc with anti-oxidant vitamins A,C and E

Question 9

Management wet ARMD

Answer 9

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)