Armamentarium Flashcards by Alex Ko Kam

How many mm increase in taper for every diameter of the instrument

0.02mm

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21mm lenth is used for ___ tooth

Molars

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25mm length of instrument is used for __ tooth

anteriors

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28 and 30mm length of instrument is used for __ tooth

canines

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40mm length os instrument is used for __

endodontic implants

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tip angle of the instrument should be ___ angle

75 + or - 15 degrees

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working blade shall begin at tip ___ and extend ___mm up to the shaft __

tip (D1)
16mm
shaft (D2)

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color coding of instrument

pink
grey
purple
white
yellow
red
blue
green
black

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classification of endodontic instrument

exploring

smooth broach and endo explorers

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classification of endodontic instrument

debriding or extirpating

barbed broaches

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classification of endodontic instrument

cleaning and shaping

reamers and files

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classification of endodontic instrument

obturating

pluggers, spreaders and lentulospirals

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classification based on method of use
GROUP 1: hand-operated endodontic instruments

broaches and rasps
k-type reamers and files
hedstroem files

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classification based on method of use
GROUP 2: low speed instruments with latch type attachment

gates - glidden drills
peeso reamers

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classification based on method of use
GROUP 3: engine -driven instruments

rotary NiTi intruments
reciprocating instruments

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classification based on method of use
GROUP 4:

sonics and ultrasonics

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the earliest endodontic instruments used to extirpate pulp and debris from the canal

broaches and rasps

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it is one of the oldest intracanal instruments

short handled instrument meant for single use only

barbed broach

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does not cut dentin but can effectively be used to remove cotton or paper points which might have lodged in the canal

broach

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broach should not be inserted into the root canal unless the canal has been enlarged to a size No. ___

25reamer/file

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used of barbed broach

extirpate of entire pulp tissue
removal of cotton or paper points lodged in the canal
removal of necrotic debris and foreign material from canal

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it is free of barbs, previously used as a pathfinder

smooth broach

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difference of rasp and broach

barb size is larger in broach than rasp

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canal enlarging instruments made from stainless steel

K-type reamers and files

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used to ream the canals

reamer

has trianglular bland and lesser number of flutes than file

reamer

has 1.5-2.5 cutting blades per mm of their working end

k-file

This file was made because square blank of files results in total decrease in the instrument flexibility It has a rhombus shade with two acute angles and two obtuse angles

K-flex file

Similar to k-flex file except it has triangular cross section, provides more flexibility and an ability to resist fracture

Flexo file

Made by removing the sharp cutting edges fom the tip of the instrument Made up of NiTi and cuts during anticlockwise rotary motion

Flex-r file/ roane file

Has flutes that resembles successively triangles set on one another Made by cutting soiral grooves into round, tapered steel wire in the same manner as wood screws are made Tends to fracture in torquing action since it lacks flexibility

Hedstroem file

Modifications of H-file Has noncutting safety side of the length of the blade

Safety hedstroem file

Modifications of H-file Designed with two spirals for cutting blades, forming double helix design

S-file

Modifications of H-file Variant of H-file Its cutting edge are at an acute angle to long axis of the file When used in curved canals, flutes on the inner edge collapse, so no dentin is removed. On the outer edge, flutes open, filling the dentin on outer curvatures

A-file

Modifications of H-file It is machined from round ss steel wire by cutting two superficial grooves to produce flutes in double helix design

Unifile

Modifications of H-file Made from specially treated ss so have amazing stiffness and strength to be used for difficult and calcified canals Has better buckling resistance than k-file

C-file

Traditional engine driven instrument which have flame-shaped cutting point mounted on long thin shaft attached to a latch-type shank Flame cuts laterally Are side cutting instruments with safety tips Safety design is that its weakest part lies at the junction of the shank and shaft, so it if jams against the canal fracture occurs at the junction of shank and the shaft bot not at the tip

Gates-glidden drills

Modified gates glidden drills, which are more flexible and can be rotated continuously in a handpiece through 360deg

Flexogates

Rotary instrument mainly used for postsPace preparation when gutta-percha has to be removed from obturated root canal

Peeso reamer

Commonly used NiTi rotary instrument in endodontics

55NiTinol 60NiTinol

A phase of a NiTi alloy, on cooling, transformation induced in alloy occur during shear type of process ___

Martensitic phase

Martensite shape can deformed easily to a single orientation by process ___ when there is flipping over type of shear

Detwinming

First use of NiTi in endodontics was reported in ___ year

1988

Lattice of NiTi allow is simple, referred as ____

Austenite or parent phase

It is the working area of file It is the surface with the greatest diameter which follows the flute as it rotates

Blade

Angle formed by cutting edge and cross section taken perpendicular to long axis of the tooth

Rake angle

If angle is formed by leading edge and surface to be cut is obtuse, rake angle is ____

Positive or cutting

If angle formed by leading edge and surface to be cut is acute, rake angle is ____

Negative or scraping

It is the area between the flutes which projects axially from central axis, between flutes as far as the cutting edge

Radial land/ marginal width

Surface area of land which is reduced to s certain extent to reduce frictional resistance

Relief

It is the angle formed by cutting edge with the long axis of the file. This angle is important for determining which file technique to use

Helical angle

It is the distance between point on leading edge and corresponding point on leading edge It shows number of threads per unit

Pitch

Generation of niti rotary file Passive cutting radial lands, fixed tapers of 4% and 6% over the length and negative rake angles for scraping

1st generation Profile, GT rotary file, Quantec, HERO642, light speed

Generation of niti rotary file Active cutting edges, variable taper, fewer instruments needed to prepare the canal

2nd gen Protaper universal, K3, protaper gold, hero shapers

Generation of niti rotary file Improvements in NiTi metallurgy, reduce cyclic fatigue and file separation

3rd generation K3XF, twisted files, profile GT X series, hyflex CM

Generation of niti rotary file Reciprocation movement (bidirectional movement, single file concept)

4th gen Wave one, SAF, reciproc

Generation of niti rotary file Offset center of mass, mechanical wave of motion travelling along the length of the file, swaggering effect of file

5th gen REVO-S, protaper next, one shape

Most commonly used irrigating canals

Sodium hypochlorite

Its main activity is toward smear layer removal because of its chelating power which makes it effective in removing the inorganic components of dentin

EDTA Ethylene tetraacetic acid

A method of filling and sealing a tooth with root canal material

Obturation

Most commonly used sealer Has proven ability toy to seal against microorganism

Zinc oxide eugenol

Physiological saline or isotonic saline The same isotonicity as the body’s blood

NSS

Used to dry the root canal after preparation and irrigation Used to dry thorougly the canal before sealing

Absorbent paper points

A thermoplastic filling that is heated and then pressed into the tooth canal Used together with ZOE to seal up the canal

Gutta percha points

Metal instrument used for packing root canal fill material in order to make room for additional material

Endodontic spreader