Arm and Flexor Forearm

Question 1

What does the brachial fascia attach to? What spaces does it create?

Answer 1

Attached below to the humeral epicondyles and olecranon process of the ulna

Anterior - Flexor compartment

Posterior - Extensor compartment

Question 2

What are the muscles, nerve supplies, and blood supplies of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 2

1. Muscles
   Biceps brachii
   Brachialis
   Coracobrachialis
2. Blood supply - Brachial artery
3. Nerve supply - Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 3

Biceps brachii: N and A?

Answer 3

N. Musculocutaneous
A. Flexes and supinates forearm (most powerfu1 supinator), weak flexor of arm.

Question 4

Brachialis: N and A?

Answer 4

N. Musculocutaneous
A. Chief flexor of the forearm

Question 5

Coracobrachialis: N and A?

Answer 5

N. Musculocutaneous
A. Flexes and adducts the humerus

Question 6

What are the muscles, nerves, and blood supplies of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 6

1. Muscles
   Triceps brachii
   Anconeus
2. Nerve supply - Radial nerve
3. Blood supply - Profunda brachii and ulnar collateral arteries

Question 7

Triceps brachii: N/A

Answer 7

N. Radial
A. Chief extensor of the forearm

Question 8

Anconeus: N/A

Answer 8

N. Radial
A. Extension of the forearm

Question 9

What does the brachial artery run with? split into?

Answer 9

Runs with median nerve on medial side of biceps

Splits into radial and ulnar nerves

Question 10

What are the main branches of the brachial artery before it bifurcates?

What do they run with?

Answer 10

1. deep brachial artery (profunda brachii) - splits to radial and middle collateral - runs with radial nerve (radial groove)
2. superior ulnar collateral - runs with ulnar nerve
3. inferior ulnar collateral

Question 11

Describe the arterial anastamoses around the cubital fossa.

Answer 11

1. radial collateral w/ radial recurrent (in front of lat. epicondyle)
2. middle collateral w/ interosseous recurrent (behind lat. epicondyle)
3. superior ulnar collateral w/ posterior ulnar recurrent (behind med. epicondyle)
4. inferior ulnar collateral w/ anterior ulnar recurrent (in front of med. epicondyle)

Question 12

What runs in the radial groove?

Answer 12

1. radial nerve
2. deep brachial artery

formed by medial and lateral head of biceps

Question 13

What are the nerves of the arm?

Answer 13

1. median nerve (no branches)
2. musculocutaneous (becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous)
3. ulnar (no branches)
4. radial (splits to superficial sensory and deep motor)

Question 14

Boundaris of the cubital fossa?

Contents - medial to lateral?

Answer 14

1. Boundaries

Lateral - Brachioradialis muscle
Medial - Pronator teres muscle
Floor - Supinator (lateral) and Brachialis (Medial) muscles
Roof- Bicipital aponeurosis

2. Contents (Medial to Lateral)

Median nerve
Brachial artery and terminal branches
Biceps tendon
Radial nerve and terminal branches

Question 15

What three structures does the antebrachial fossa form?

Answer 15

1. Interosseous membrane
2. Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
3. Extensor retinaculum

Question 16

What are the superficial, intermediate, and deep muscles of the flexor forearm?

Answer 16

Superficial:

1. Pronator Teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate:

1. flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:

1. flexor pollicus longus
2. flexor digitorum profundus
3. pronator quadratus

Question 17

All of the muscles are innervated by the __ nerve except the ___, which are supplied by the ___ nerve.

Answer 17

median

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus

ulnar

Question 18

What are the N/A of:

1. Pronator Teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 18

1. pronator teres: N: median, A: pronation/flexion of forearm
2. flexor carpi radialis: N: median, A: flexion, abduction of wrist
3. palmaris longus: N: median, A: flex (barely)
4. flexor carpi ulnaris: N: ulnar, A: flexion, adduction

Question 19

What are the N/A of:

1. flexor pollicus longus
2. flexor digitorum profundus
3. pronator quadratus

Answer 19

1. flexor pollicus longus N: anterior interosseous br of median, A: flex thumb
2. flexor digitorum profundus N: ulnar and anterior interosseous, A: flex finger, knuckle, wrist (only muscle to flex distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers)
3. pronator quadratus N: anterior interosseous, A: pronate forearm

Question 20

Flexor digitorum superficialis: N/A?

Answer 20

N. Median nerve
A. Flexes fingers, knuckles and wrist

Question 21

What does the ulnar artery run with?

Branches?

Answer 21

Ulnar nerve

a. Anterior ulnar recurrent
b. Posterior ulnar recurrent
c. Common interosseous artery divides into the:
(1) Anterior interosseous artery
(2) Posterior interosseous artery (gives off the interosseous recurrent)

Question 22

What are the branches of the radial artery?

Answer 22

a. Radial recurrent
b. Superficial palmar branch - unites with the terminal part of the ulnar artery completing the superficial palmar arch

Question 23

Which nerve lies deep to the flexor retinaculum? superficial?

Answer 23

Deep: median

Superficial: ulnar