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Human Body and Movement > Arm > Flashcards

Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What are bony features on distal humerus?

A 
Trochlea
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Olecranon fossa
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2
Q

What are bony features on proximal radius

A

Radial tuberosity

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3
Q

What are bony features on proximal ulna?

A

Olecranon
Radial notch
Trochlea notch
Coronoid process

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4
Q

What type of joint is elbow joint?

A

Hinge joint

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5
Q

What is difference between elbow joint complex and proper?

A

he ‘elbow joint complex’ consists of three joints involving the distal end of the humerus and the proximal ends of the radius and ulna, they are: the radiohumeral joint, the humeroulnar joint and the radioulnar joint.

Two of these joints; the radiohumeral and humeroulnar, make up the ‘elbow joint proper’.

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6
Q

What do collateral ligaments do?

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral connects the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the olecranon process of the ulna.

Radial (lateral) collateral connects the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna.

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7
Q

What are the main elbow flexors?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

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8
Q

What are the main elbow extensors?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

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9
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

Maintains the integrity of the superior radioulnar joint (prevents the head of the radius moving away from the ulna) by surrounding the head of the radius

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10
Q

How many radioulnar joints are there?

A

Two, proximal and distal

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11
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot joint

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12
Q

What movment is allowed at this joint?

A

Rotation

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13
Q

What forearm movement deos this joint allow?

A

Pronation and supination

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14
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

A fibrous joint between the radius and the ulna

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15
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do?

A

Compartmentalises the forearm into anterior and posterior regions. It distriubtes force from the distal end of the radius to the proximal end of the ulna

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16
Q

In anatomical position, is the hand pronated or supinated?

A

Supinated

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17
Q

What 2 muscles contribute to pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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18
Q

What muscle contributes to supination?

A

Supinator

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19
Q

The scapula and proximal humerus articulate at what joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint/shoulder

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20
Q

Which joint is made up of the acromion process of the scpula and the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular joint AC

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21
Q

Which anterior bone joins the two halves of the pectoral girdle?

A

Manubrium of the sternum

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22
Q

What is the name of the fossa at the top of the shoulder blade?

A

Supraspinous fossa (hole/depression above the spine)

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23
Q

Which muscle inserts into the fossa above the spine of the shoulder

A

Supraspinatus

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24
Q

When supraspinatus assists the middle deltoid, what action of the humerus will occur?

A

Abduction

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25
Q

What type of joint is the elbow (radius, ulna, humerus)?

A

Hinge

26
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot

27
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Modified hinge

28
Q

What type of joint is the mid-carpal joint?

A

Plane

29
Q

What type of joint is the first (1) metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Synovial Saddle

30
Q

What type of joint are the (II-V) metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Ellipsoid

31
Q

Name a muscle involved in opening the hand

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Dorsal interossei

32
Q

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

33
Q

The pinch, plate and tripod grips are all what classification of grip?

A

Precession grip

34
Q

What bony feature fits inside the olecranon fossa?

A

Olecranon process

35
Q

Triceps are responsible for what movement of the forearm?

A

Extension

36
Q

Name the ligament that holds the head of the radius in contact with the radial notch

A

Annular ligament

37
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

Eight

38
Q

What are the carpal bones names?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

39
Q

What is the wrist joint formally called?

A

Distal radiocarpal joint

40
Q

Which bones articulate at the wrist?

A

Radius, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral

41
Q

What type of joint is the 1st CMC

A

Synovial saddle joint

42
Q

What movements are allowed at MCP joints?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

43
Q

What are PIP and DIP

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Distal interphalngeal joint

44
Q

What movements allowed at PIP and DIP

A

Flexion and extension

45
Q

What is midprone position?

A

Halfway between supination and pronation

46
Q

What is the definition of “intrinsic” muscles?

A

Muscles that originate and end in the hand

47
Q

What is the definition of “extrinsic” muscles?

A

Muscles that originate in the forearm but end in the hand

48
Q

What muscle is absent in 15% of the population?

A

Palmaris longus

49
Q

What area does “thenar” refer to?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the thumb

50
Q

What area does “hypothenar” refer to?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the little finger

51
Q

Name muscles involved in closing the hand

A

Intrinsic:
Flexor pollicis brevis,Opponens Pollicis, Flexor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi and Adductor Pollicis

Extrinsic:
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexory Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus

52
Q

What are the three muscles involved in precision movements of the hand?

A

Lumbricals - four long muscles which each pass the MCP joint. Flexion MCP joint and extension IP joint of the fingers (not the thumb)
Palmar Interossei - Four long muscles that lie in the spaces between the metacarpals. Adduct (PAD), locaetd in between the lumbricals and the dorsal interossei
Dorsal Interossei - Four muscles that fill the space between the metacarpal bones. They are the most superficial muscles and can be seen on the back of the han. Abduct (DAB)

53
Q

What are the three nerves of the hand and fingers?

A

Ulna, median and radial

54
Q

What are the two types of grips?

A

Precision and power

55
Q

Sub-groups of precision grips?

A

Pinch grip, key grip, plate grip, pincer grip and tripod grip

56
Q

Sub-groups of power grips

A

Cylinder grip, hook grip and ball grip

57
Q

Precision grip involves holding an object between…?

A

Thumb, index and middle finger

58
Q

Which grip uses all the finger flexed around an object?

A

Ball Grip

59
Q

Which grip is also called the “lateral pinch”?

A

Kep grip

60
Q

Which grip involved the DIP and PIP joints in extension?

A

Plate grip

61
Q

The tripod grip is used to perfrom what task?

A

Writing

62
Q

Which grip is used to hold railings or pick up a glass of water?

A

Cylinder grip

Human Body and Movement (2 decks)

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